Ch. 12: Hard Rock and Heavy Metal

Aerosmith's Steven Tyler styled his _____ after Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones.

vocals and stage personality

Iron Butterfly's recording of "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida" (1968) was unlike British heavy-metal recordings in that it featured a(n) _____ as its main instrument and added distorted guitar sounds.

electric organ

When he first started playing, Ted Nugent took guitar lessons where he learned to use all four fingers on his fingerboard hand when playing lead, and the additional finger allowed _____.

for more speed and melodic extensions that would be harder to reach without it

The favorite themes of AC/DC that kept many radio stations from playing their music were _____.

sex and violence

Most of Scorpions' music followed the riff-based style of British heavy metal, but they also wrote interesting melodic lines similar to those common in _____.

American heavy metal

_____ took the hypnotically repetitious bass riff idea of Cream and Led Zeppelin and led British heavy metal into the seventies.

Black Sabbath

Scorpions, formed by Rudolf and Michel Schenker in 1970, was a German rock group that was styled after _____.

British heavy-metal groups

What started out as a style of dress more than music in the late sixties and early seventies in England with performers such as David Bowie, T-Rex, and Roxy Music?

Glam

Which style was adopted in the early seventies by American bands such as the punk band the New York Dolls and the New York heavy-metal band Kiss?

Glam

Why did Ted Nugent insist on using hollow-body electric guitars?

He claimed their resonance allowed him to enhance his feedback.

What did Def Leppard use as introduction themes in their music?

Riffs

Which structural element of British heavy-metal music was played by the bass, often started on high notes and ended on low notes, and yielded a very heavy, powerful effect?

Riffs

A loud, passionate musician who emerged during the late sixties and came to be known as the "Motor City Madman" was _____, who was considerably influenced by Jimi Hendrix.

Ted Nugent

What did Eddie Van Halen use as a primary instrument in the songs "Jump" and "I'll Wait" from Van Halen's 1984 album, though he feared that his heavy-metal fans would not appreciate its use?

A synthesizer

How did AC/DC vary the British riff-based tradition that their style developed in?

They used repeated riffs only as introductions and endings in their songs.

After the 1980 death of AC/DC's heavy-drinking vocalist, Bon Scott, the music of the band featured _____ themes.

bleaker, more depressing

What are the current issues portrayed by the lyrics of some Iron Maiden songs? (Check all that apply.)

The atrocities of war in the twentieth century and The horrors of potential nuclear war

What was the court's decision in the lawsuit filed against Judas Priest claiming that they used subliminal messages that promoted self-harm in their album Stained Class (1978)?

The court found no evidence to support the claims of subliminal messages.

What were the influences on the music of Iron Maiden? (Check all that apply.)

The dual lead guitar idea brought to heavy metal by Judas Priest and The punk style

What caused singer David Lee Roth to leave Van Halen in 1985 to pursue a solo career?

The growing competition for stage dominance between him and Eddie Van Halen

Which of the following features that characterized hard rock were present in Free's popular recording "All Right Now" (1970)? (Check all that apply.)

The guitar used heavy distortion effects, The drum maintained a very strong backbeat, and The song used a riff

Why were eighties heavy-metal bands such as Mötley Crüe, Twisted Sister, and Poison often called "Hair Bands?"

Their members wore long, feminine hair.

What change did Judas Priest make to their sound in 1974 that expanded its power in much the same way that American southern-rock bands of the late sixties and seventies had?

They added a second lead guitarist.

For the first three years Judas Priest were together, they used the most common early seventies heavy-metal instrumentation—_____.

a singer, a single guitarist, a bass player, and a drummer

Iron Butterfly's recording of "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida" (1968) was based on _____ similar to those in British heavy-metal recordings.

a strong, descending bass riff

Many of Led Zeppelin's performances during the seventies included _____, which provided fans with a sense of intimacy with the band.

acoustic sets

The powerful blues revival trio Cream's song "Sunshine of Your Love" was organized around a blues-derived element called a _____, which is a relatively short, low, repeated melody that creates an almost hypnotic effect.

bass riff

Led Zeppelin was formed by musicians who had been part of the British blues revival and in their early music, they often used _____.

bass riffs

The power of Judas Priest's recordings with two lead guitarists playing parallel lines suited their image, which favored the _____ look.

black-leather-jacketed biker

Steppenwolf was a Canadian hard-rock band whose musicians had backgrounds in the music styles of _____, which influenced most hard-rock music.

blues, country, and folk rock

Sisters Ann and Nancy Wilson had both been _____ singer/guitarists before joining the hard-rock group Heart. However, these roots slowly disappeared and eventually some of their recordings began to resemble heavy-metal songs.

folk and folk-rock

Steppenwolf's recording of "Born to Be Wild" (1968) contained the words "_____," which gave a style of rock music a name, even though Steppenwolf's music did not completely fit into that style.

heavy metal

Many American hard-rock groups formed in the late sixties and early seventies as the style became popular with fans who wanted to hear stronger rock than the music by singer/songwriters of the period, but who found _____.

heavy metal too hostile and theatrical

In 1988, Scorpions became the first _____ in the Soviet Union, and they performed in the Moscow Peace Music Festival the following year.

heavy-metal band to tour

The style of music played by AC/DC, a band that formed in Australia in 1973, was _____.

high-voltage heavy metal

Def Leppard's song texts were generally closer to traditional rock themes about _____ rather than the demonic themes projected by other British heavy-metal acts

human relationships and the attractions of alcohol

Ozzy Osbourne received much publicity for such acts as biting the head off a live dove and urinating on the Alamo while on tour in Texas, which _____.

increased his appeal to his fans

Psychedelic music's efforts to give the listener the feeling that he or she was experiencing eerie connections of thoughts and images, as if in a drug-induced state, influenced Led Zeppelin's use of _____.

long instrumental improvisations

The music of American heavy-metal group Alice Cooper was as _____ as the music of British heavy-metal groups.

loud, aggressive, and distorted

Many of Iron Maiden's song lyrics portrayed _____.

medieval stories of torture and death

Van Halen's guitarist Eddie Van Halen had received extensive musical training as a pianist, and as a guitarist he made use of classical techniques such as _____.

natural and artificial harmonics

Over the years, Black Sabbath began to soften their dark-power-centered image and record _____.

occasional ballads

Unlike British heavy-metal music, the music of Alice Cooper was _____.

often quite melodic and contained more understandable lyrics

Rudolf and Michel Schenker of the Scorpions were sibling guitarists who followed the blues revival tradition of _____.

one playing lead and the other playing rhythm

Each member of the New York heavy-metal band Kiss had makeup and style of dress to fit their _____.

self image

Ideologically, Ted Nugent differed with many rock musicians and fans of the time because he _____.

spoke out against the use of drugs and for private possession of guns

Sometimes the acoustic sets of Led Zeppelin were performed with band members sitting down, closer to the audience and seeming much more vulnerable than they did _____.

standing in dramatic poses and dominating the stage with a sense of power

Ted Nugent became famous for bow-hunting for food and _____.

taunting animal rights activists

In British heavy metal, group names, such as Black Sabbath and Judas Priest, and album covers and posters with symbols of witchcraft and death shocked some parents of fans into believing the music was satanic, but the young fans realized that the songs were more often about _____.

the fear, not the worship, of evil

In 1986, the parents of two teenagers who attempted suicide after listening to Judas Priest's album Stained Class (1978) filed a lawsuit against the band claiming that _____.

the members of the band had put the words "do it" along with backmasked references to suicide in an album cut

Alice Cooper used riffs in their music but unlike in British heavy metal, _____.

the riffs did not serve as the basis of the main melodies

One of the characteristics of Cream that influenced a lot of hard rock and heavy metal was the bottom-heavy sound created by founder Ginger Baker's use of _____.

two bass drums

Who worked out innovative methods to combine slurring and hammering patterns with both hands on his guitar neck, creating sound effects that were new to rock guitar?

Eddie Van Halen

Marlon Brando popularized leather jackets with his "tough guy" image in the fifties, but Judas Priest added _____ to give a twist to their rebellious image.

chains and metal

Members of the New York band Kiss wore colorful and somewhat androgynous outfits and makeup that represented them as _____.

comic book-like characters

Ted Nugent's act with the Amboy Dukes included many of Jimi Hendrix's tricks of _____.

controlled screeching feedback sound effects and plucking his guitar strings with his teeth

The powerful drive of heavy metal required singers to force their voices, sometimes to the point of _____.

damage to the vocal cords

Despite the title and witchcraftlike symbolism on the cover of Black Sabbath's album Sabbath, Bloody Sabbath (1973), the group began to _____.

drift away from their earlier demonic image

An important ingredient of the appeal that Ozzy Osbourne had for his young, rebellious fans was his _____.

"wild madman" image

Black Sabbath had one lead guitarist, a bassist, and a drummer to back their central attraction, vocalist _____.

Ozzy Osbourne

What continued to be popular with eighties heavy-metal bands such as Mötley Crüe, Twisted Sister, and Poison?

The androgynous Glam image

Of the British groups that influenced Rudolf and Michel Schenker of the Scorpions, the most important, which Michel Schenker eventually joined, was _____.

UFO

Heart evolved out of a group called the Army that was formed in Seattle in 1963. The Army passed through many style and personnel changes before turning to _____ in 1972.

hard rock

The pubs in London were the birthplace of the _____ sound in Britain, beginning with Free, which was formed in 1968.

hard-rock

After Scorpions' "Animal Magnetism" album (1980), their lead singer, Klaus Meine, who often strained his voice to sing, could no longer sing and was forced to have surgery to _____.

have nodes scraped off his vocal cords

Despite the critical acclaim they received after performing a concerto in 1969, Deep Purple's subsequent efforts moved away from art rock and toward blues-influenced and riff-based _____.

heavy metal

From the northeastern part of the United States, Aerosmith formed in 1970 and spent several years imitating the _____ styles of the Rolling Stones and the Yardbirds.

post-blues-revival

The central concern of British heavy-metal groups was _____.

power

Deep Purple was a heavy-metal band that almost turned in the direction of _____ as the band combined elements of this style and heavy metal during their first few years.

progressive rock

Like Jimi Hendrix, the musician Ted Nugent played _____.

psychedelic music

The Scorpions' song "Wind of Change" (1991) was about _____.

their visits to the Soviet Union

The fans of British heavy metal enjoyed the power of the music, horrified their parents who balked at the style's imagery, and indulged themselves in fantasies that represented an aggressive confrontation of _____.

things people fear most—evil and death