ch. 12 intl relations

Which of the following are characteristics of the modern information technology environment? Check all that apply. The use of blogs and podcasts to spread information Consolidation of information in a cartel of media corporations Increased viability of print publications Increased government surveillance

All except increased viability of print publications The explosion of information technology in recent decades has had a wide variety of effects. Independent media such as blogs and podcasts have increased access around the world to unfiltered information, which can foster a more global, cosmopolitan perspective on world events. However, this growth is not uniformly positive. Access to social media has been beneficial in some cases to protest movements but has also led to movements that are poorly organized and fall apart quickly. Likewise, social media and other tools allow identities to be obscured, enabling some groups with criminal or terrorist goals to operate with impunity. At the same time, governments have increased surveillance operations, leading to less privacy than people expected in the past. Much media is also consolidated in a cartel of large media corporations, which has a limiting effect on the access that many people have to information.

The community formed by expanding access to the Internet is also called cyberspace , which is not constrained by international borders.

The convergence of the numerous components of modern information technology is often referred to as cyberspace. It is a metaphorical term describing the interconnected information pathways created by the Internet. Because it exists only virtually, it is generally unconstrained by international borders.

What percentage of deaths worldwide do communicable diseases cause, making them a significant threat to human security? a. 20% b. 40% c. 60% d. 2%

a. 20%

A person believes that the world is a political element that provides the best source of political governance and identifies personally with the world as a whole rather than with a single country. Which of the following terms defines that person? a. Cosmopolitan b. Metropolitan c. Nationalistic d. Liberalistic

a. Cosmopolitan; A cosmopolitan outlook views the entire world as the best unit for governance as opposed to other units, such as one's local metropolis.

Which of the following is a result of globalization, in which people deal with transnational challenges and share a common fate due to increasing international integration? a. Global village b. National heritage c. Single ethnicity d. Cultural bias

a. Global village

Demography is defined as the study of which of the following? a. Population changes, their sources, and their impact b. The religious differences across nations c. The intersection of politics and geography d. Globalization and mass transportation

a. Population changes, their sources, and their impact

Which of the following describes the worldwide average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime? a. The fertility rate b. Replacement-level fertility c. The crude birth rate d. The individual birth rate

a. The fertility rate

When the global media identified and publicized the illegitimate tactics used by Idi Amin Dada Oumee of Uganda, it influenced other countries to insist on government reform. In which of the following processes did it engage? a. Liberalization policy b. Agenda setting c. Nation building d. Interventionist agenda

b. Agenda setting; The thesis that by their ability to identify and publicize issues, the communications media determine the problems that receive attention from governments and international organizations.

Which of the following is a provision used by refugees to apply for protection in an outside state when their country of origin is threatening persecution? a. Urbanization b. Asylum c. Preservation d. Ethnic cleansing

b. Asylum

Which of the following is the term used to describe the global electronic web of people, ideas, and interactions on the Internet, which is unencumbered by the borders of the geopolitical world? a. Internet of Things b. Cyberspace c. Online global infrastructure d. Social network

b. Cyberspace

How has Twitter impacted political action? a. Minimized the effect of government surveillance programs b. Enabled activism that may not support the formation of long-term infrastructure c. Hindered efforts to organize protests against repressive regimes

b. Enabled activism that may not support the formation of long-term infrastructure; Twitter has been cited as a key factor in many recent social movements. Particularly in the case of Egypt, Twitter and other social media tools were essential in organizing the protest demonstrations that helped topple President Hosni Mubarak in 2011. However, these movements do not always have sustainable organizations that can take on the challenge of governance, and in some cases extremists are taking advantage of the power vacuums that develop in such situations

How is influenza different from other global diseases? a. Influenza is caused by the direct handling of fruits and vegetables. b. Influenza spreads at a frightening rate. c. Influenza mutates into other diseases. d. Influenza has an extremely high mortality rate.

b. Influenza spreads at a frightening rate.

When considering globalization, which of the following actions is likely from individuals who demonstrate cognitive dissonance? a. They embrace and welcome all aspects of a global community. b. They reject the idea that traditional systems of independent states should be replaced by a global community. c. They devalue the individual state and promote the efforts needed to expand globalization. d. They believe that a global community will benefit economic efforts.

b. They reject the idea that traditional systems of independent states should be replaced by a global community.

Who first posited that population increases geometrically, while subsistence increases arithmetically? a. Jeffrey Kluger b. Thomas Malthus c. Jean-Jacques Rousseau d. Pluto

b. Thomas Malthus

Which of the following defines the antipathy for members of a foreign nationality, ethnic, or linguistic group? a. Indifference b. Xenophobia c. Ethnocentrism d. Melting Pot

b. Xenophobia

Life expectancy at birth worldwide reached which of the following milestones in 2017? a. 75 years b. 65 years c. 72 years d. 92.8 years

c. 72 years

Most multinational media corporations are in the Global North, where they combine resources and expand their global influence. What is this control of the media by a few corporations known as? a. Transnational media b. A trust c. A cartel d. A duopoly

c. A cartel; A convergence of independent commercial enterprises or political groups that combine for collective action, such as limiting competition, setting prices for their services, or forming a coalition to advance their group's interests.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of replacement-level fertility? a. A couple has one girl. b. A couple has no children. c. A couple has two children. d. A couple has one boy.

c. A couple has two children.

A pandemic virus causes mass casualties and a subsequent decline in the global population despite the rapid growth that occurred the previous year. What would the world experience? a. A population predicament b. A population readjustment c. A population implosion d. A population deprivation

c. A population implosion; A population implosion refers to a rapid reduction of the population that reverses a previous trend toward progressively larger populations.

By 2100, which of the following continents is expected to account for over a third of the global population? a. The Americas b. Europe c. Africa d. Asia

c. Africa

Which of the following terms is used to portray a future in which borders will vanish and the world will become a single community? a. A community of one b. Heterogeneous state c. Global village d. Global network

c. Global village; A popular cosmopolitan perspective describing the growth of awareness that all people share a common fate because the world is becoming an integrated and interdependent whole.

The possibility that virulent disease will decimate the world's population is evident in the spread of which of the following diseases? a. MERS b. Ebola c. HIV d. Tuberculosis

c. HIV

Greenland has less than one person living in each square kilometer. Which of the following concepts does this situation represent? a. Migration rate b. Population replacement rate c. Population density d. Immigration rate

c. Population density

According to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, what was the world's total refugee population at the start of 2019? a. 29.5 million b. 19.5 million c. 2.59 million d. 25.9 million

d. 25.9 million

What is the most common reason for people migrating? a. People migrate to escape oppressive governments. b. People migrate for the experience of living in another culture. c. People migrate to join their family. d. People migrate in search of better jobs.

d. People migrate in search of better jobs.

Which of the following groups describes refugees? a. People who migrate for work. b. People who are seeking democracy. c. People who want to earn more money in a new country. d. People who flee for safety to another country because of a well-founded fear of political persecution, environmental degradation, or famine.

d. People who flee for safety to another country because of a well-founded fear of political persecution, environmental degradation, or famine.

Many countries in the Global South are experiencing swift population shifts from the countryside to the city. What is this phenomenon known as? a. Rapid population consolidation b. Accelerated migration c. Population deceleration d. Turbo-urbanization

d. Turbo-urbanization

Which of the following techniques has allowed terrorist organizations and violent cartels to hide their true identities while using technology to bring on new recruits and terrify people? a. Phishing b. Asylum c. Hacking d. Virtuality

d. Virtuality; Imagery created by computer technology of objects and phenomena that produces an imaginary picture of actual things, people, and experiences.