Ch 12 key concept HW

Why did global human population remain relatively low up until about 1800?

Up until this time, infant mortality was relatively high.

What is the most important abiotic factor in any ecosystem?

Energy

Part A According to the biogeochemical cycle shown below, which of the following processes can move carbon from the abiotic reservoir to the biotic reservoir? Part B Which of the following processes can move carbon from the biotic reservoir to the abiotic reservoir?

Part A: Photosynthesis by plants Part B: Decomposers breaking down dead organisms

Can you place the terms in the appropriate sentences? Drag the terms to their correct locations in the paragraph. Not all terms will be used.

In the ocean, communities of plants, algae, and animals are distributed according to the depth of the water and distance from shore. Light reaches organisms in the photic zone, where microscopic phytoplankton and multicellular algae provide food for the animal community. Light levels in the aphotic zone are too low to support photosynthesis. The seafloor is called the benthic realm. Fishes and marine mammals swim in open water known as the pelagic realm. A distinctive biome called a(n) estuary is found where a freshwater stream or river merges with the ocean.

Seed banks are centers that maintain a collection of seeds from a large number of varieties of many crop plant species. What is the primary value of a seed bank?

Seeds stored in a bank can be used to ensure genetic biodiversity of crop plants.

Which of the following studies would be classified as "hypothesis-driven science"?

Since plants depend on sunlight for photosynthesis, a study is conducted to determine if limiting sunlight slows below-ground (root) growth in sugar cane.

Why are certain species classified as "invasive"?

They are introduced to new habitats where there are no predators and/or competitors.

Can you label graphs showing different patterns of population growth? To review patterns of population growth, watch this BioFlix animation: Population Ecology: Population Growth Curves. Part A - Comparing growth curves Drag the correct labels onto the graph showing two different patterns of population growth. Label the horizontal and vertical axes first.

a. Exponential Growth b. Population Size c. Time d. Carrying Capacity e. Logistic Growth

Can you identify the trophic levels at which these animals feed? Drag the labels signifying different consumer levels onto this diagram showing part of a food web. Not all labels will be used. PC = primary consumer, SC = secondary consumer, TC = tertiary consumer, QC = quaternary consumer

a. PC b. SC c. SC and TC d. PC, SC, and TC e. SC, TC, and QC

Can you complete the concept map about the major components of the water cycle? Drag the terms to their appropriate locations in the concept map of the global water cycle.

a. condensation b. evaporation. c. transpiration d. precipitation e. surface and groundwater

Why are there no large trees in the tundra?

The ground is frozen all year.

An ecological footprint is an estimated amount of land and water required to sustain one person. It is measured in global hectares. What is the ecological footprint for an average U.S. citizen?

8.2 global hectares per person

Certain fungi have been used in recent years to help clean up and detoxify the environment following an oil spill. What type of restoration ecology does this process exemplify?

Bioremediation

The abiotic factors of an ecosystem are its nonliving components that affect life, including physical and chemical factors. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.

1. Most ecosystems on earth are powered by solar energy, which drives photosynthesis in plants and algae. 2. Nutrients are elements required for growth and can affect the ability of an ecosystem to sustain life. 3. Wind can be important in shaping terrestrial ecosystems by allowing animals to cool and even influencing the way plants grow. 4. In prairie grasslands, periodic fire is an important disturbance, allowing for certain plants to be triggered to grow. 5. Temperature limits the distribution of organisms that can survive in a given habitat based on how hot or cold it gets. 6. Water is essential to life because it makes up the majority of all cells.

Robert Paine studied sea stars in the intertidal zone along the northern Pacific coast. When he removed sea stars from a study area, their prey, two mussel species, increased exponentially. This crowded out other species, and the overall biodiversity of the community was greatly reduced.What role in the community did the sea star play?

Keystone species

Part A Can you match the ecology terms to their definitions? Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Part B Which of the following correctly ranks the levels of ecological hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive? Part C A group of snails (of the same species) lives in a garden that also includes beetles and tomato plants. What level(s) of ecological organization does the group of snails belong to? Select all that apply. Part D An ecologist is studying the diet of a group of desert-dwelling scorpions, which have many types of potential prey (insects, small mammals, etc.). She tracks the scorpions to see how much they eat of each prey species. What level of ecological organization is she studying?

Part A: Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. Abiotic factors are nonliving factors that make up an environment. Biotic factors are living factors that make up an environment. A(n) organism is an individual living thing, such as a plant, an animal, or a bacterium. A(n) population is a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular geographic area. A(n) community consists of all of the organisms that live in the same area at the same time. A(n) ecosystem consists of all of the abiotic and biotic factors in an area. Part B: Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, Biosphere Part C: Population Community Ecosystem Part D: Community

Part A Which best describes how the atmosphere's CO2 content was regulated before the Industrial Revolution? Part B The interior of a car gets hot quickly on a warm sunny day. Solar radiation enters through the windows. It is absorbed by the seats and other materials inside the car. Some of it is radiated as heat. Much of the heat is retained by the windows, which let light in but don't let heat out as easily. Now apply this analogy to the global atmosphere. What is the role of CO2? Part C Today's atmospheric CO2 concentration is _____. Part D Most models predict that continued increases in atmospheric CO2 will cause global temperatures to _____ over the next 100 years. Part E Policymakers banned the routine use of DDT as an insecticide in the United States, partly because of clear scientific evidence showing that DDT was a threat to wildlife. Today, scientific consensus holds that CO2 released by human activities promotes global warming. Why haven't U.S. policymakers banned CO2 pollution?

Part A: CO2 was released by organisms as a by-product of cellular respiration; a similar amount of CO2 was absorbed by plants and other producers. Part B: CO2 acts like the car windows; it lets sunlight through, then traps the heat that is radiated by Earth. Part C: about 35% higher than it was before 1850 Part D: increase by 2-7 degrees Celsius Part E: CO2 pollution stems from fossil fuel use, a technology that is central to modern economies. Measures to restrict CO2 pollution could entail major economic costs and are strongly opposed by many interests.

What are the types of interspecific interactions? Drag the labels from the left to the appropriate locations to complete this table about interspecific interactions. Use labels of Group 1 to identify the effect of the interaction on each species. Use labels of Group 2 to identify the type of interaction. Labels may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

a. plus b. minus c. herbivory d. minus e. competition f. plus g. plus h. plus i. minus j. parasitism k. plus l. mutualism m. plus n. predication o. minus p. minus q. competition

Can you identify causes and examples of three patterns of population dispersion? Sort labels into the appropriate bins.

clumped pattern: unequal distribution of resources Giraffes eat leaves and branches of savanna trees. random pattern: unpredictable mode of dispersing Milkweed plants grow from windblown seeds. uniform pattern: intraspecific interactionsSeabirds defend nesting trritories.