Ch. 12 SG Qs

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Damage to the primary (somatic) motor cortex results in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and all reflexive contractions. B) Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible. C) Damage to the visual association area can result in blindness. D) Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch, loudness, and location.

A) Damage to the primary (somatic) motor cortex results in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and all reflexive contractions.

What groove separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe? A) central sulcus B) longitudinal fissure C) parieto-occipital sulcus D) lateral fissure

A) central sulcus

The ________ includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. A) diencephalon B) midbrain C) brain stem D) basal nuclei

A) diencephalon

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________. A) gyri B) sulci C) fissures D) ganglia

A) gyri

The ________ is the main switch station for memory; if the right and left areas are destroyed, the result is widespread amnesia. A) hippocampus B) thalamus C) hypothalamus D) Wernicke's area

A) hippocampus

Which brain structure functions to control the autonomic nervous system and to regulate body temperature? A) hypothalamus B) mammillary body C) pons D) medulla oblongata

A) hypothalamus

An individual accidentally transected (cut across) the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________.

A) paraplegia

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality? A) prefrontal cortex (anterior association area) B) posterior association area C) limbic association area D) combined primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex

A) prefrontal cortex (anterior association area)

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in ________.

A) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord

Match the following: A) Primary olfactory cortex B) Primary visual cortex C) Premotor cortex D) Primary auditory cortex 9) The brain area just anterior to the precentral gyrus that selects and sequences basic motor 10) This brain area lies on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe and allows for conscious awareness of different odors. 11) The area of the brain located in the superior margin of the temporal lobe that interprets impulses as pitch, loudness, and location. 12) This area is on the extreme posterior of the occipital lobe and receives visual information that originates on the retina of the eye.

A- 10 B- 12 C- 9 D- 11

Match the following: A) Cerebrum B) Hypothalamus C) Cerebellum D) Brain stem E) Thalamus 13) Gateway to the cerebrum. 14) Ensures coordination and balance. 15) Produces automatic behaviors necessary for survival. 16) Executive suite. 17) Visceral command center.

A- 16 B- 17 C- 14 D- 15 E- 13

Match the following: A) Insula B) Frontal lobe C) Parietal lobe D) Occipital lobe E) Temporal lobe 1) Auditory area. 2) Primary somatosensory cortex. 3) Primary (somatic) motor cortex. 4) Motor speech (Broca's) area. 5) Premotor cortex. 6) Visual area. 7) Gustatory (taste) area. 8) Seat of intelligence, abstract reasoning.

A- 7 B- 3, 4, 5, 8 C- 2 D- 6 E- 1

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges? A) arachnoid and epidura B) arachnoid and pia C) arachnoid and dura D) dura and epidura

B) arachnoid and pia

The arbor vitae refers to ________.

B) cerebellar white matter

White matter is found in all of the following locations EXCEPT the ________. A) corpus callosum B) cerebral cortex C) corticospinal tracts D) outer portion of the spinal cord

B) cerebral cortex

Which of the following is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury? A) contusion B) concussion C) hemorrhage D) swelling

B) concussion

The large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the ________. A) corona radiata B) corpus callosum C) internal capsule D) longitudinal fissure

B) corpus callosum

Interneurons receiving input from sensory neurons are located in the ________.

B) dorsal (posterior) horn

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________. A) longitudinal fissure B) lateral sulcus C) central sulcus D) cranial fossa

B) lateral sulcus

Vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.

B) medulla oblongata

The brain stem consists of the ________. A) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla B) midbrain, medulla, and pons C) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain D) midbrain only

B) midbrain, medulla, and pons

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________. A) spinal cord B) premotor cortex C) primary motor cortex D) rubrospinal tracts

B) premotor cortex

Which of the following generalizations does NOT describe the cerebral cortex? A) The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas. B) Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body. C) The hemispheres are exactly equal in function. D) No functional area of the cortex works alone.

C) The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.

Which of the following best describes the cerebrum? A) motor command center B) visceral command center C) executive suite D) decussation center

C) executive suite

An elevated ridge of the cortex is called a ________. A) sulcus B) fissure C) gyrus D) furrow

C) gyrus

The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________. A) myelinated nerve fibers only B) unmyelinated nerve fibers only C) myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers D) cell bodies

C) myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers

Nuclei of cranial nerves V (trigeminal), VI (abducens), and VII (facial) are found in the ________.

C) pons

Which of the following is (are) involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)? A) postcentral gyrus B) gustatory cortex C) red nuclei D) Wernicke's area

C) red nuclei

An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ________.

C) visual association area

A patient suffering from memory loss, shortened attention span, disorientation, and eventual language loss is most likely suffering from ________. A) Huntington's disease B) Parkinson's disease C) cerebellar disease D) Alzheimer's disease

D) Alzheimer's disease

All of the following are structures of the limbic system EXCEPT the ________. A) hippocampus B) cingulate gyrus C) amygdaloid body D) caudate nucleus

D) caudate nucleus

The lateral sulcus separates which lobes? A) frontal from parietal B) parietal from occipital C) temporal from parietal D) frontal from temporal

D) frontal from temporal

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland? A) arbor vitae B) optic chiasma C) mammillary bodies D) infundibulum

D) infundibulum

Which of the following is NOT a role of the basal nuclei? A) playing a role in cognition and emotion B) controlling starting and stopping movements C) inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements D) initiating protective reflex actions

D) initiating protective reflex actions

Broca's area ________.

D) is considered a motor speech area

Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) sleep disturbances B) loss of body temperature control C) dehydration D) loss of fine motor control

D) loss of fine motor control

The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the ________. A) prefrontal lobe B) frontal lobe C) temporal lobe D) parietal lobe

D) parietal lobe

The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensing a full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ________. A) olfactory cortex B) gustatory cortex C) vestibular cortex D) visceral sensory area

D) visceral sensory area

Would damage to the frontal lobe or the medulla oblongata be more likely to lead to death? Describe the overall functions of these brain regions.

Damage to the medulla oblongata would be more likely to lead to death. It is where the brain and spinal cord connect. The medulla oblongata is an autonomic reflex center involved in maintaining homeostasis. The cardiovascular center control heart rate and blood pressure and the respiratory centers control breathing. The frontal lobe contains motor areas that control voluntary movement, and is in charge of speech production, forming memory, and problem-solving.

Describe how the function of a particular brain area is known.

The brain is divided into many regions that have different functions. If an area of the brain is damaged, the function that the damaged area is responsible for is lost. For example, when the occipital lobe is damaged, visual processing is inhibited. When your vision is abnormal, we can assume that the occipital lobe is damaged In addition, technology, like fMRI, can show what is happening in certain areas of the brain by measuring changes in blood flow.

What is the importance of the fact that the outer portion of the cerebral hemispheres is convoluted?

The convolutions, increase the surface area as it maximizes the surface area to volume ratio. Because of this, nerve impulses carrying information can get to places faster. This allows our brain to function more efficiently which makes us more intelligent and advanced. Sulci are shallow furrows in the brain while fissures are deep furrows in the brain. The ridges between the sulci are gyri.

George is wearing a T-shirt with the saying "Only Left-Handed People Are In Their Right Minds." What does this mean in terms of lateralization of cortical function?

The right side of the brain controls the left side of the body. Left handed people have right-sided cerebral dominance. Left-handed people use the right side of their brain for motor activity. The right hemisphere is for visual-spatial skills, intuition, emotion, and artistic and musical skills.

What is the somatosensory homunculus? Which body region would be larger in the homunculus, the face or the hips? Why?

The somatosensory homunculus (motor and somatosensory cortex) is a body map that shows where sensory input or processing is in each body structure. The size of the representation of the homunculus is based on the number of receptors in a region of the body. The face, especially the lips, has many receptors and nerve endings, so this region is the largest part of the homunculus.