Psychology test CH 9

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. Within the psychosocial model of development, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Integrity vs. despair

Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental ________.

Milestones

Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage?

Object permanence

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?

Permissive

development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

Physical

Britta knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed, but there is a medical emergency and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Britta breaks the window of a local store, unlocks the door, and lets herself in to call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Britta is operating at the ________ level of Kohlbergâ s theory of morality.

Post-conventional

Ross has learned that he has Parkinson's disease, and that in time he will lose some of his cognitive faculties. He and his wife have a lawyer draw up a document that names her a health care ________ who will be able to make medical decisions for Ross when he is unable to do so for himself.

Proxy

Which of the following illustrates conservation?

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

Secure

According to Piaget, the first stage of a child's cognitive development is the ________ stage

Sensorimotor

What is the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period.

Survey

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infantâ s needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. In Erikson's developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Trust vs mistrust

Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by oneâ s culture as well as their interactions with their own environment?

Vygotsky

A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.

Zygote

Early maturing girls are ________.

at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders

According to Piaget, during their first year, infants develop ________, the understanding that an object continues to exist even when you cannot see it or touch it

object permanence

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

According to Piaget, children develop abstract reasoning at the ________ stage of cognitive development

Formal operational

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

Assimilation

During adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the ________ lobe of the cerebral cortex.

Frontal

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the________ task of development.

Identity vs confusion

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

Genes and biology

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.

Gross

_______ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

Cognitive

is the understanding that the physical properties of objects, such as the number of items in a cluster or the amount of liquid in a glass, can remain the same even when their form or appearance changes

Conservation

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, weâ d say that development is taking a(n) ________ trajectory.

Discontinuos

According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved.

Erik Erikson

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.

Fine motor skills

Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?

younger average age for marriage