Ch 12: Stress, Coping, and Health

b) maintain physiological processes in an emergency

Glucocorticoids do which of the following? a) connect the hypothalamus with the occipital lobes b) maintain physiological processes in an emergency c) prevent puberty processes d) prevent age-related decline in motor skills

c) exhaustion

Illness will most likely occur in which of Hans Selye's stages of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? a) alarm b) resistance c) exhaustion d) none of these

c) alarm stage

In the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), the body's initial alarm reaction to a stressor is called the ______. a) resistance stage b) exhaustion stage c) alarm stage d) allostasis

a) sustained cortisol production inhibits immune cell production

Prolonged stress affects the body's ability to fight disease because _____ . a) sustained cortisol production inhibits immune cell production b) the activation of the HPA axis depletes the body's red blood cells count c) white blood cells and red blood cells cannot occupy the same organs d) stress lowers levels of good cholesterol

d) all of these

Prolonged stress can do which of the following to the brain? a) decrease neurogenesis is the hippocampus b) decrease the plasticity of the neocortex c) shrink dendrites in the hippocampus d) all of these

b) connection between mental states and the immune function

Psychoneuroimmunolgy (PNI) is the field of study that focuses on the _____. a) psychology of the medical field b) connection between mental states and the immune function c) cognitive capacity of people afflicted with severe brain disorders d) development of vaccinations to increase immune responses

b) conditioned taste aversion

Rats given sugar water paired with nausea-inducing radiation learned to avoid the sugar water in a phenomenon called _____. a) operant conditioning b) conditioned taste aversion c) reinforcement d) all of these

b) Women who experienced more stress had shorter telomeres.

Research bby epel and colleagues (2004;2006) exammined women's DNA and found which of the following? a) Women who experienced more stress had an extra 16th chromosome. b) Women who experienced more stress had shorter telomeres. c) Women who experienced less stress had an extra 23rd chromosome. d) Women who experienced less stress had a stronger double helix structure.

c) damages hippocampus neurons

Stress interferes with memory formation because it ______. a) damages the brain stem b) decreases ventricles size c) damages hippocampus neurons d) all of these

c) stimulus

The ______ view of stress focuses on its antecedents. a) consequences b) reinforcement c) stimulus d) conditioning

a) bidirectional

The connection between the central nervous sytem and the immune system is best described as _____. a) bidirectional b) solely genetic c) a learned coping mechanism d) kinesthetic

c) whether a person is under stress or not under stress

The direct effects hypothesis states that social support is beneficial to mental and physical health in which of the following situations? a) only when a person had a highly stressful life b) only when a person's friends are trained in listening techniques c) whether a person is under stress or not under stress d) when a person does not usually listen to advice

a) hypothalamus. pituitary gland, and adrenal glands

The key structures involved in stress are the _____. a) hypothalamus. pituitary gland, and adrenal glands b) thalamus, hypothalamus, and pons c) pons, brain stem, and amygdala d) amygdala, visual cortex, and kidneys

d) the death of a spouse

Which event is rated as most stressful on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)? a) a major work role change b) marriage c) a serious personal illness d) the death of a spouse

c) Anything people do to manage their emotions

Which of the following best defines stress? a) The body's ability to achieve stability through change b) Pressures or demands that make our lives difficult c) Anything people do to manage their emotions d) An event or condition that causes a change in behavior

c) The hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to trigger the adrenal production of cortisol.

Which of the following correctly describes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis's response to stress? a) The pituitary gland releases cortisol, which signals the hypothalamus to turn on the stress response. b) Cortisol signals the hypothalamus of stress, the pituitary triggers appropriate hormonal responses. c) The hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to trigger the adrenal production of cortisol. d) The adrenal gland produces hormones that trigger the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to prepare behavioral responses.

c) catecholamines

Which of the following hormones controls autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation? a) glucocorticoids b) estrogens c) catecholamines d) none of these

c) Optimists; pessimists

_____ tend to see "the glass as half full"; ______ tend to see "the glass as half empty." a) Realists; optimists b) Pessimists; realists c) Optimists; pessimists d) Pessimists; optimists

d) Emotion-focused coping; problem-focused coping

______ attempts to decrease the experience of stress; ______ attempts to change a stressful situation. a) Rehearsal; perceptual constancy b) Problem-focused coping; cognitive c) Reconditioning; seeking social support d) Emotion-focused coping; problem-focused coping

a) cortisol

_______ is the "stress hormone." a) cortisol b) epinephrine c) norepinephrine d) dopamine