Ch. 1,2,3 Quiz

Which of the following statements is not a hypothesis?

Anxiety disorders are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental influences.

Why is psychology considered a social science?

Behavior is biological, and our behavior is influenced by our interactions with others.

Of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 36.8% were likely to develop schizophrenia; of adoptees whose mothers did not have schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 5.3% were likely to develop schizophrenia. What is the most appropriate conclusion of these results?

Environmental factors and genetic factors interact to determine whether a person is likely to develop schizophrenia.

Which of the following does not influence perception?

Gestalt

____(IRB) reviews research that is conducted using human participants.

Institutional Review Board

Twin boys both have a gene associated with aggressive tendencies. What is the most likely outcome to be observed in their behavior as they grow up?

It is not possible to determine the twins' behaviors based on having this single gene.

American researchers studying the effects of physical attractiveness on compliance wish to expand the cross-cultural generalizability of their findings to a Lebanese population. They travel to Lebanon and recruit local residents, whom the American researchers rate as attractive or unattractive, to act as experimental confederates. However, they are unable to replicate their research findings. What is a potential problem with this research?

The study may not be valid due to differences in standards of attractiveness between cultures.

What should be changed to make the following statement true? Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood.

The word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Sigmond Freud believed that understanding the unconscious mind was critical to understand subconscious behavior.

The word "subconscious" should be changed to the word " conscious".

One hundred introductory psychology students are surveyed about their intended majors. The results indicate that more women than men intend to pursue a psychology major, whereas more men than women intend to pursue a history major. What do these results indicate?

There is a relationship between gender and intended major.

Magali and Jean-Gabriel have been asked to design a study investigating happiness across the lifespan. They decide their study will involve going to the mall and asking people of a variety of ages if they are happy or unhappy. What is the most serious flaw of this design?

They have not defined happiness or how it will be measured.

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?

They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.

____research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.

archival

Which of the following senses is associated with the temporal lobe?

audition

The ________ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills.

cerebellum

A(n) ________ case study is conducted by gathering detailed information about participants who are psychological patients.

clinical

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________.

confirmation bias

A(n) ________ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.

confounding variable

An upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likeability of faces in a set of photos. However, they tell participants that the study is about the effects of aging on likeability. When participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment. In this example, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study.

debrief participants, deception

Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify?

developmental psychology

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?

dopamine; norepinephrine

Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________.

evolutionary psychologists

The only way to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables is to conduct a(n) ________.

experiment

Broca's area is located in which lobe of the brain?

frontal

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

hypothalamus

The ________ is controlled by the experimenter.

independent variable

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents' hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for ________ memories.

limbic system; emotional

____ research studies the same groups of participants over time.

longitudinal

Jennifer has been depressed for several months, and she decided to take an overdose of sleeping pills. After taking the pills, her breathing rate decreased dramatically, her heart slowed down, and her blood pressure decreased. Which brain structure is the drug acting on?

medulla

Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?

motor skill deficits in the left side of her body

Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?

no sensation in his legs and thumbs

A negative correlation means ________.

one variable decreases as the other increases

I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior.

operant conditioning

For a scientific explanation to be testable , it must also be

perceivable and measurable

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Which of the following is not a part of the fight or flight response?

running away

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________.

spinal cord

A(n) ________ is conducted in order to determine whether there are meaningful differences between two groups in a study.

statistical analysis

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first.

structuralism, functionalism ,behaviorism, humanism

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to

study the function of behavior

Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study

the mind and behavior

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.

the mind and mental processes that underline behavior

Studying close relatives allows behavioral geneticists to determine ________.

the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population

According to Sigmund Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through ________.

the use of reinforcement and punishment

Cognitive Psychology focuses on studying

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions