ch 13: export controls and sanctions

Fundamental Research

Research in science and/or engineering at an accredited institution of higher education in the U.S. where the resulting information is ordinarily published and shared broadly in the scientific community.

multilateral sanctions

Sanctions imposed by more than one country

Electronic Export Information (EEI)

a U.S. electronic form completed by the exporter; it contains basic information about the shipment, including the shipper, products, values, buyer, and country of destination. required for each export shipment leaving US

export

actual shipment or transmission out of the united states in any manner, or releasing or transferring of technology or software to a foreign person in the US

validated end user program

allows qualified exporters to preapprove shipments to foreign trusted customers, partners and subsidiaries of certain high tech or dual use items without the need for individual export licenses

consolidated screening list

an online compilation of prohibited end users

dual-use items

commercial items that may also have military or "proliferation" uses (relating to the proliferation of nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons)

foreign availability

controlled item, or one of comparable quality is available in fact from non US sources in sufficient quantities so that any attempt to control for national security purposes would be ineffective

Conscious Avoidance

exporter purposely avoided learning the truth about an end user or destination

export control classification number

gives the reasons for control for each and tell whether a license is required for export to specific countries

export controls

laws and regulations that govern the licensing of certain goods and technology exported from the U.S. or transferred to non U.S. citizens

Antiboycott

legal responses by governments that make it unlawful for their citizens or companies to participate in a boycott

foreign person

neither a US citizen nor a permanent US resident

Automated Commercial Environment (ACE)

online system of US customs and border protection in collaboration with the US census bureau

Boycott

organized refusal of one or more nations, often backed by economic sanctions to trade with one or more other nations

sanction

regulation that restricts or prohibits certain relationships with specified foreign countries

Technology

the information necessary for the development, production, use or operation of items and in almost any form, such as blueprints, drawings, photographs, formulae and engineering designs whether verbal, written or electronic

Deemed Export

the release of technology or source code or that is subject to the Export Administration Regulations, to a foreign national located in the United States.

deemed reexport

the release of transfer of an item from someone who was licensed to receive it to a different foreign person

reexport

the shipment or transfer of american controlled items or tech from one foreign country to another foreign country or person

diverson

unlawful transfer, trasnshipment rerouting or reexporting of controlled goods or tech from one destination to which the goods or tech were legally shipped to another destination or foreign person who has not be licensed to receive the items