Ch 13 Milady Basics of Electricity

used on the area to be treated

Active Electrode

A rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction then in the opposite direction. The change in direction happens 60 times per second.

Alternating Current (AC)

The unit that measures the amount of an electric current. The higher the amp rating indicates a greater number of electrons and a stronger current.

Amp (A) or Ampere

process of forcing liquids into the tissues from the negative (-) toward the positive (+) pole.

Anaphoresis

positive (+) electrode. The anode is usually red and is marked with "P" or a plus (+) sign.

Anode (P, +)

opposite pole from the active electrode.

Inactive Electrode

invisible rays that have longer wavelengths, penetrate deeper and produce more heat than visible light *makes up 60% of natural light *infrared lamps used mainly during hair treatments & to process hair color. Operate at a distance of at least 30 inches for 5 minutes.

Infrared Rays

Two main modalities used in cosmetology are GALVANIC and TESLA HIGH FREQUENCY.

Modalities

Produces alkaline reactions opens the pores stimulates and irritates the nerves increases blood supply expands blood vessels soften tissues

Negative (-) pole (cathode)

A unit that measures the resistance of an electric current. Current will not flow through a conductor unless the force (volts) is stronger than the resistance (ohms)

Ohm (O)

Hood hair dryer or heat lamps electric curling and flat irons heating caps steamer or vaporizer

Other electrical Equipment

Thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration; also called violet ray * Used for both scalp and facial treatments * Does not produce muscle contractions, stimulating or soothing * Benefits: Stimulates blood circulation improves glandular activity increases elimination and absorption increased metabolism improves germicidal action relieves congestion

Tesla High-Frequency Current

therapeutic light that should only be used on bare oily skin; contains few heat rays, is the least penetrating and has some germicidal and chemical benefits.

Blue Light

Process of forcing acidic substances into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive (+) toward the negative (-) pole.

Cataphoresis

negative (-) electrode. The anode is usually black and is marked "N" or a negative (-) sign.

Cathode (N, -)

A switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload. All electrical appliances must have at least 2 electrical connections. The "live" connection supplies current to the circuit. some have a 3rd for additional ground.

Circuit breaker

The path of an electric current from the generating source through conductors and back to its original source.

Complete circuit

Any substance that easily transmits electricity. Most metals are good conductors. Copper is particularly good. The ionic compounds in ordinary water makes a good conductor.

Conductor

An apparatus that changes DC to AC.

Converter

Process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits and blackheads in the hair follicles. This process is frequently used to treat

Desincrustation

A constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only. Flashlights, cellular telephones & cordless electric drills use the DC produced by batteries.

Direct Current (DC)

Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments. Each modality produces a different effect on the skin.

Modalities

A form of energy that, when in motion, exhibits magnetic, chemical or thermal effects.

Electricity

Applicator for directing the electric currents from machine to client's skin. Usually made of carbon, glass or metal. Each modality requires 2 electrodes, except Tesla High Frequency.

Electrode

the entire range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation (radiant energy)

Electromagnetic Spectrum

a special device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit. Designed to blow out or melt when the wire becomes too hot from overloading the circuit with too much current.

Fuse

Constant and direct current (DC) having a positive (+) and negative (-) pole and producing chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body.

Galvanic Current

A substance that does not easily transmit electricity Rubber, silk, wood, glass and cement are good insulators. Electric wires are composed of twisted metal threads (conductor) covered with rubber (insulator).

Insulator / Nonconductor

Process of introducing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as use of the positive (+) and negative (-) poles of a galvanic machine.

Iontophoresis

1,000 watts. Electricity in your house is measured in kilowatts per hour (kwh).

Kilowatt (K)

one-thousandth of an ampere. The current for facial and scalp treatments is measured in milliampere.

Milliampere

Indicates the negative or positive pole of an electric current. Electrotherapy devices always have one negative charged pole and one positively charged pole.

Polarity

produces acidic reactions closes the pores soothes the pores decreases blood supply contracts blood vessels hardens and firms tissues

Positive (+) pole (anode)

An apparatus that changes AC to DC Cordless electric clippers and battery charger use a rectifier to convert the AC current from an electrical wall outlet to the DC current needed to recharge their DC batteries.

Rectifier

Therapeutic light used on dry skin in combination with oils and creams; penetrates the deepest and produces the most heat

Red Light

*invisible rays that have short wave lengths, *are the least penetrating rays, *produce chemical effects, *kill germs. *Also called cold rays or actinic rays. *Produces vitamin D, promotes mineralization of bones *Makes up 5% of natural sunlight *Overexposure can cause pre-mature aging

Ultraviolet (UV) rays

forms of electromagnetic radiation but are invisible because their wavelength are beyond the visible spectrum of light

Ultraviolet (UV) rays & Infrared rays

Primary source of light used in facial and scalp treatments. The bulbs used for therapeutic visible light therapy are: Red light, Blue light, White light

Visible Light

Violet has the shortest wavelength Red has the longest wavelength

Visible Spectrum

Also known as voltage, the unit that measures the PRESSURE or FORCE that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor, much like water pressure that pushes water molecules through the hose. The higher the voltage the more pressure or force.

Volt (V)

An instrument that plugs into an ordinary wall outlet and produces different types of electric currents that are used for facial and scalp treatments.

Wall plate (facial stimulator)

A measurement of how much electric energy in one second.

Watt (W)

distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves. Long wavelengths have low frequency Short wavelengths have higher frequency

Wavelength

referred to as "combination light" because it is a combination of all visible rays of the spectrum. It also has the benefits of all rays of the visible spectrum.

White Light