Ch. 14

The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case in 1857 effectively repealed the A Missouri Compromise B Fugitive Slave Act C Ostend Manifesto D Wilmot Proviso E Eleventh Amendment to the Constitution

A Missouri Compromise

The Republican party originated in the mid-1850's as a sectional party committed to which of the following? A Opposition to the further extension of slavery into the territories B Immediate emancipation of the slaves C Repeal of Whig economic policies D Restriction of immigration E Acknowledgement of popular sovereignty as the basis for organizing federal territories

A Opposition to the further extension of slavery into the territories

Which of the following principles was established by the Dred Scott decision? A Congress could abolish slavery at will. B National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories. C The rights of all people are protected by the Constitution. D Slaves residing in a free state automatically became free. E Through squatter sovereignty, a territory had the sole right to determine the status of slavery within its territorial limits.

B National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories.

The Republican Party of the 1850s took which of the following positions on slavery? A Residents of territories could decide on the basis of popular sovereignty whether to have slavery. B Slavery could remain where it existed but should not be extended into territories or new states. C The federal government should abolish slavery. D The federal government should purchase slaves from their masters and relocate them to the west coast of Africa. E Slavery was a state issue, and the federal government should play no role in its regulation.

B Slavery could remain where it existed but should not be extended into territories or new states.

Which of the following was the most direct catalyst for the secession of South Carolina? A The Dred Scott decision B The election of 1860 C The Wilmot Proviso D John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry E The attack on Charles Sumner

B The election of 1860

Which of the following states the principle of "popular sovereignty?" A Congress has the right to decide where slavery shall and shall not exist. B The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there. C Individual citizens can decide for themselves whether or not to hold slaves. D The American people shall decide where slavery will exist through a national plebiscite. E Individual states have the right to reject congressional decisions pertaining to slavery.

B The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there.

"The Vigilance Committee of Boston inform you that the MOCK TRIAL of the poor Fugitive Slave has been further postponed.... Come down, then, Sons of the Puritans: for even if the poor victim is to be carried off by the brute force of arms, and delivered over to Slavery, you should at least be present to witness the sacrifice, and you should follow him in sad procession with your tears and prayers, and then go home and take such action as your manhood and your patriotism may suggest. Come, then, by the early trains on MONDAY, and rally.... Come with courage and resolution in your hearts; but, this time, with only such arms as God gave you." Proclamation addressed "To the Yeomanry of New England," Boston, 1854 The issuing of documents such as the proclamation generally had which of the following effects? A Accumulating support for the theory of slavery as a positive good B Encouraging armed rebellions by enslaved people in the South C Increasing the visibility of organized opposition to slavery D Improving relations between native-born residents and recent Catholic immigrants

C Increasing the visibility of organized opposition to slavery

"I am filled with deep emotion at finding myself standing here in the place . . . from which sprang the institutions under which we live. . . . I have never had a feeling politically that did not spring from the sentiments embodied in the Declaration of Independence. . . . It was not the mere matter of the separation of the colonies from the mother land; but something in that Declaration giving liberty, not alone to the people of this country, but hope to the world for all future time. It was that which gave promise that in due time the weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men. . . . "Now, my friends, can this country be saved upon that basis? If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the world if I can help to save it. If it can't be saved upon that principle, it will be truly awful. "Now, in my view of the present aspect of affairs, there need be no bloodshed and war. . . . And I may say in advance, there will be no blood shed unless it be forced upon the Government. . . . "My friends, this is a wholly unprepared speech. I did not expect to be called upon to say a word when I came here. . . . I may, therefore, have said something indiscreet, but I have said nothing but what I am willing to live by, and, in the pleasure of Almighty God, die by." President-elect Abraham Lincoln, speaking at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, February 22, 1861 The excerpt best serves as evidence for which of the following developments? A Abraham Lincoln attempted to increase the size of the army to regain Southern states. B Lincoln rejected allowing any additional states to join the United States. C Lincoln sought to avoid violence over the issues that divided the country. D Lincoln intended to enforce the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

C Lincoln sought to avoid violence over the issues that divided the country.

The most controversial and divisive component of the Compromise of 1850 was the A measure's endorsement of popular sovereignty B admittance of Missouri as a slave state and the establishment of the 36°30' line C passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act D admittance of Texas as a slave state E legislation permitted the surveying of a southern transcontinental railway line

C passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act

"The American Republicans of the city and county of Philadelphia, who are determined to support the NATIVE [White, Protestant] AMERICANS in their Constitutional Rights of peaceably assembling to express their opinions on any question of Public Policy, and to SUSTAIN THEM AGAINST THE ASSAULTS OF ALIENS AND FOREIGNERS are requested to assemble on MONDAY AFTERNOON, May 6th, 1844 at 4 o'clock, at the corner of Master and Second street, Kensington [a section of Philadelphia], to express their indignation [anger] at the outrage on Friday evening last, which was perpetrated by the Irish Catholics." Text from a poster announcing a meeting of the American Republican Party, later renamed the American Party, Philadelphia, 1844 Historians could best use the excerpt as an example of which of the following? A Expansion of voting rights during the Jackson administration B Debates over the separation of church and state in the United States C Advocacy for policies promoting the idea of Manifest Destiny D Political responses to changing demographics in the United States

D Political responses to changing demographics in the United States

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the perception of many White Southerners that antislavery sentiment was spreading in the 1850s? A Uncle Tom's Cabin drew enthusiastic audiences of Northern readers and theatergoers. B Groups like the New England Emigrant Aid Company worked to make Kansas a free state. C Some prominent Northern intellectuals like Henry David Thoreau praised John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry. D The Republican Party attracted an increasing number of supporters. E Congress voted to end the interstate slave trade.

E Congress voted to end the interstate slave trade.

In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president on a Republican platform that advocated all of the following EXCEPT A higher protective tariffs B government subsidies for a transcontinental railroad C free western land for settlers who would live and work on it D the exclusion of slavery from United States territorial possessions E the abolition of slavery throughout the United States

E the abolition of slavery throughout the United States

Question refers to the map below. The acquisition of territory in the southwestern region shown in the map intensified controversies in the United States about A granting free land in the new territories B rights to mineral wealth and resources in the new territories C extending citizenship to people already in the territories D allowing slavery in the new territories

D allowing slavery in the new territories

"I am filled with deep emotion at finding myself standing here in the place . . . from which sprang the institutions under which we live. . . . I have never had a feeling politically that did not spring from the sentiments embodied in the Declaration of Independence. . . . It was not the mere matter of the separation of the colonies from the mother land; but something in that Declaration giving liberty, not alone to the people of this country, but hope to the world for all future time. It was that which gave promise that in due time the weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men. . . . "Now, my friends, can this country be saved upon that basis? If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the world if I can help to save it. If it can't be saved upon that principle, it will be truly awful. "Now, in my view of the present aspect of affairs, there need be no bloodshed and war. . . . And I may say in advance, there will be no blood shed unless it be forced upon the Government. . . . "My friends, this is a wholly unprepared speech. I did not expect to be called upon to say a word when I came here. . . . I may, therefore, have said something indiscreet, but I have said nothing but what I am willing to live by, and, in the pleasure of Almighty God, die by." President-elect Abraham Lincoln, speaking at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, February 22, 1861 The excerpt most likely reflects which of the following historical situations? A Abraham Lincoln won all of the electoral college votes in the presidential election. B Formerly enslaved people were given the right to vote in presidential elections. C Southern states refused to participate in the presidential election. D States in the South had begun seceding after the presidential election.

D States in the South had begun seceding after the presidential election.

"With regard to the northwestern States, to which the ordinance of 1787 was applied—Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan—no one now believes that any one of those States, if they thought proper to do it, has not just as much a right to introduce slavery within her borders as Virginia has a right to maintain the existence of slavery within hers. "Then, if in this struggle of power and empire between the two classes of states a decision of California has taken place adverse to the wishes of the southern States, it is a decision not made by the General [federal] Government; it is a decision respecting which they cannot complain to the General Government. It is a decision made by California herself, and which California had incontestably a right to make under the Constitution of the United States. . . . The question of slavery, either of its introduction or interdiction, is silent as respects the action of this [federal] Government; and if it has been decided, it has been by a different body—by a different power—by California herself, who had a right to make that decision." Senator Henry Clay, speech in the United States Senate, 1850 The excerpt best reflects which of the following historical situations? A Congressional leaders sought political compromise to resolve discord between the North and the South. B States in the Great Lakes region advocated to legalize slavery within their borders. C Senators appealed to the idea of American exceptionalism to encourage national unity. D The Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott case reduced sectional conflict within the United States.

A Congressional leaders sought political compromise to resolve discord between the North and the South.

"I am filled with deep emotion at finding myself standing here in the place . . . from which sprang the institutions under which we live. . . . I have never had a feeling politically that did not spring from the sentiments embodied in the Declaration of Independence. . . . It was not the mere matter of the separation of the colonies from the mother land; but something in that Declaration giving liberty, not alone to the people of this country, but hope to the world for all future time. It was that which gave promise that in due time the weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men. . . . "Now, my friends, can this country be saved upon that basis? If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the world if I can help to save it. If it can't be saved upon that principle, it will be truly awful. "Now, in my view of the present aspect of affairs, there need be no bloodshed and war. . . . And I may say in advance, there will be no blood shed unless it be forced upon the Government. . . . "My friends, this is a wholly unprepared speech. I did not expect to be called upon to say a word when I came here. . . . I may, therefore, have said something indiscreet, but I have said nothing but what I am willing to live by, and, in the pleasure of Almighty God, die by." President-elect Abraham Lincoln, speaking at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, February 22, 1861 Evidence in the excerpt best corroborates which of the following? A Southern politicians would not abandon slavery, and they believed Lincoln was a threat to that system. B Sectional divisions were not as deep as many thought, and there was agreement about gradual abolition. C Political leadership in previous administrations had successfully limited sectional conflict. D Lincoln viewed foreign influences as serious threats to the stability of the United States.

A Southern politicians would not abandon slavery, and they believed Lincoln was a threat to that system.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was most similar in intent to which of the following earlier legislative initiatives? A The Missouri Compromise in 1820 B The forced removal of American Indians C The funding of internal improvements under the American System D The annexation of Texas in 1836

A The Missouri Compromise in 1820

Which of the following best describes the position on slavery of most northerners during the sectional crises of the 1850s? A They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories. B They were active supporters of complete abolition. C They favored continued importation of slaves from Africa. D They advocated expansion of the slave system to provide cheap labor for northern factories. E They advocated complete social and political equality for all races in the United States.

A They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories.

"We do not know whether free laborers ever sleep. . . . The free laborer must work or starve. He is more of a slave than the negro, because he works longer and harder for less allowance than the slave, and has no holiday, because the cares of life with him begin when its labors end. He has no liberty, and not a single right." George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All! or, Slaves Without Masters, 1857 The excerpt above reflects the common argument in the antebellum South that A slavery was immoral B capitalism was the economic system most likely to generate wealth and happiness for the most people C the South needed to change to survive D slaves lived better than northern factory workers E industrialists took care of their workers' welfare

D slaves lived better than northern factory workers

Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT A the clash of economic interests between agrarian and industrializing regions B the actions of irresponsible politicians and agitators in the North and the South C differences over the morality and future of slavery D the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery E a constitutional crisis pitting states' rights against federal power

D the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery