Ch 14 Adolescent Biosocial development concepts

Which age group has the highest rate of substantiated sexual abuse?

12 to 15

In 2008, the average age of menarche among well-nourished girls was:

12 years, 8 months.

Anorexia nervosa was undiagnosed until about:

1950

During adolescence, testosterone in boys may rise as high as about _____ times the prepubescent level.

20

Puberty usually lasts about _____ years.

3 to 5

About what percent of people with anorexia nervosa suffer death by organ failure or suicide?

5 to 20 percent

As of 2010, about what percentage of teen mothers were unwed?

85

Well-nourished _____ tend to experience puberty a few months earlier and _____ a few months later than _____. However, they all develop well if their classmates are on the same schedule.

Africans; Asians, Europeans

Of the following sexually transmitted infections, which is a sexually active teenager most likely to have?

Chlamydia

What is the most frequently reported sexually transmitted infection?

Chlamydia

In North America, the ideal body type and facial appearance is tall, thin, and:

European American.

In what way does weight affect puberty?

Excess weight results in earlier puberty.

Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic?

Females' hips grow wider.

Su Lee, a teenager, questions her parents as to why she cannot stay out late at night. Which of the following statements is likely true of Su Lee's brain development?

Her synaptic growth enhances moral development.

_____ is a problem at every age as it pertains to body image.

Obesity

What statement is true about muscle strength for boys?

On average, boys' arm muscles are twice as strong at age 18 than at age 8.

According to the text, American high- school students of _____ heritage are advanced in puberty when compared to other ethnic groups of students.

Samoan

In what way does stress affect puberty?

Stress increases the hormones that start puberty.

Which of the following is among the body changes in adolescence that increase physical endurance?

The heart doubles in size.

Which statement concerning a teenager's brain growth is true?

The limbic system matures before the prefrontal cortex does.

According to the text, what explains why many teenagers are thrill seekers?

The prefrontal cortex is not yet mature.

Kaytlin, who is a teen, is wide awake at midnight but half asleep all morning. Her hormones are causing _____ in sleep-wake patterns.

a "phase delay"

Which of the following is a symptom of anorexia nervosa?

a body weight significantly low for developmental stage, with a BMI of 17 or lower

The term "menarche" refers to:

a girl's first menstrual period.

Circadian" literally means:

about a day.

Curtis is 38 years old. Like most people his age, he tends to be:

alert in the morning and sleepy at night.

Exacerbated by the pubescent phase delay, eveningness puts adolescents at high risk for _____ because they are awake when adults are sound asleep.:

antisocial activities

Since about 1960, late puberty in boys has correlated with:

anxiety and depression.

According to the text, adolescent girls go on diets because they want to be thinner. This is partly because:

boys tend to girls who are thin.

A _____ is a day-night cycle of biological activity that occurs approximately every 24 hours.

circadian rhythm

What has the greatest influence on a person's choice for his or her first sexual partner?

culture

Between 1990 and 2010, the overall rate of teen birth and teen abortion has:

declined for both.

For 10-year-old girls and 15-year-old boys, body dissatisfaction increased:

depression and thoughts of suicide.

Compared to 100 years ago, adolescent sexual activity, especially if it results in birth, is more hazardous because:

earlier puberty and weaker social taboos mean teens have sexual experiences at younger ages.

As the bones lengthen and harden and the growth spurt begins, children:

eat more and gain weight.

At adolescence, the gonads increase the production of sex hormones: _____ in girls and _____ in boys.

estradiol; testosterone

Some people, especially males, are naturally more alert in the evening than in the morning. This is a genetic trait called:

eveningness.

The fMRI, PET scan, and other measures of neurological activity are:

expensive and complex.

Adolescents primarily depend on _____ as a source of information and protection from sexual abuse.

families

Teenage girls are more susceptible to sexually transmitted infections than mature women are because:

fully developed women have some natural biological defenses against STIs.

A major influence on the age of the onset of menarche is:

genetics.

The first visible sign of puberty in girls is:

growth of the nipples.

About ____ of adult bone mass is acquired between the ages of 10 and 20.

half

Researchers believe that hormones and environmental chemicals in the food supply:

have led to both weight gain and early maturation.

An adolescent girl can receive a vaccination for:

human papillomavirus [HPV]

The hormonal signal to begin puberty is regulated by the:

hypothalamus.

Puberty begins with a hormonal signal from the _____ to the _____.

hypothalamus; pituitary gland

One result of dissatisfaction with body image is that many teenage girls eat erratically or _____ to lose weight:

ingest drugs such as diet pills

Child sexual abuse:

is most common in early puberty.

fMRI studies on the brain concluded that emotional control:

is not fully developed until adulthood.

The prefrontal cortex:

is responsible for planning ahead and emotional regulation.

As of 2010, reliable, longitudinal, multidisciplinary, replicated research on the brains of typical 10- to 17-year-olds:

is scarce.

The hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the onset of puberty is:

leptin.

Avery is a teenager and recently gave birth to a child. This information correlates with higher rates of which of the following lifelong problems?

medical educational social

The sex glands in a female are called _____, and the sex glands in a male are called _____.

ovaries; testicles.

Variable timing may add to intergroup tensions in multiethnic schools, since:

peer approval is more important in adolescence than is approval from adults.

Young brains have both fast-growing synapses and sections that remain unconnected, which allow new connections to facilitate the acquisition of new:

personality patterns, words, ideas

Teenagers are likely to experience sleep deprivation as a consequence of their:

phase-delayed sleep-wake patterns.

Sexual development before age 8 is referred to as:

precocious puberty.

What is the last part of the brain to mature?

prefrontal cortex

According to the text, younger pregnant teenagers often postpone:

prenatal care.

The pubertal growth spurt:

proceeds from the extremities to the core.

The years of rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that end childhood are called:

puberty.

Living in a stressful environment has been found to:

result in earlier puberty.

Hormone levels may explain sex differences in psychopathology. Males have twice the rate of _____ and females have twice the rate of _____.

schizophrenia; depression

The secular trend in growth:

seems to have stopped in developed nations.

The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland regulate hormones that affect:

sleep, stress, appetite

Which complication is often associated with teen pregnancy?

spontaneous abortion

The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland regulate hormones that affect:

stress, appetite, and sleep

One result of dissatisfaction with body image is that many teenage boys:

take steroids to increase muscle mass.

According to the text, _____ are often sleep deprived.

teenagers

Early-maturing girls:

tend to have lower self-esteem than late-maturing girls.

The route that many hormones follow to trigger the changes of puberty is known as:

the HPA axis.

According to the text, emotions rule behavior for many teens because:

the amygdala matures before the prefrontal cortex does.

The overall rate of teen births in the United States is:

the highest of any developed nation, except for Japan.

Adolescents are less susceptible to respiratory ailments because:

the lymphoid system decreases in size.

The last part(s) of the adolescent body to be fully formed is (are) the:

torso.

Ming-Lee, a teenager from China, and Sara Jo, a teenager in the United States, have similar anxieties about:

weight gain.