Ch. 14
Which of the following is NOT an effect of the sympathetic nervous system?
A decrease in heart rate
The neurotransmitter released by all parasympathetic neurons is
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Why are the effects of parasympathetic stimulation short lived?
Acetylcholine is quickly destroyed.
The major effects produced by the parasympathetic division include which of the following?
All of the listed responses are correct.
Which of the following is a neurotransmitter used by the sympathetic nervous system?
All of the listed responses are correct.
Stimulation of which receptor causes dilation of the airways?
Beta-2
What is the meaning of "dual innervation"?
Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions stimulate the same organ.
Which higher brain region is not involved in the control of the autonomic nervous system?
Cerebellum
Which of the following is NOT an effect of sympathetic stimulation?
Constriction of airways
The autonomic nervous system performs which of the following functions?
Controlling respiratory functions during times of rest as well as times of activity
Which of the following is NOT a response to increased levels of sympathetic activity?
Increased digestive and urinary functions
Which of the following is NOT an effect of parasympathetic stimulation?
Increased heart rate and blood pressure
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Increases activity of the digestive tract
Why is autonomic tone important to autonomic motor neurons?
It allows for an increase or decrease of activity, thus providing a greater amount of control.
Which of the following is NOT true of the cardioacceleratory reflex?
It is a short reflex.
Which of the following is not a function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Mobilization of energy reserves through the accelerated breakdown of glycogen in muscle and liver cells and the release of lipids by adipose tissues
What are the receptors found at neuroglandular junctions in the parasympathetic division?
Muscarinic receptors
What are the receptors that are found on all ganglionic cells of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS?
Nicotinic receptors
Why is the parasympathetic division sometimes referred to as the anabolic system?
Parasympathetic stimulation causes an increase in nutrient content in the blood.
How does a medication that blocks beta receptors help a patient with high blood pressure?
The medication blocks the beta-1 receptors in the heart from stimulating an increase in the force and rate of heart contractions.
Which nerve is responsible for parasympathetic innervation of the lungs, heart, stomach, liver, pancreas, and parts of the small and large intestine?
The vagus nerve
The effects produced by sympathetic postganglionic fibers in spinal nerves include which of the following?
all
Stimulation of which receptor brings about contraction of the smooth muscle in vascular smooth muscle?
alpha 1
Which of the following sympathetic receptors causes an increase in heart rate and force of contraction and an increase in metabolic activity?
beta-1
The effects of parasympathetic stimulation are usually
brief in duration and restricted to specific organs and sites
How would the stimulation of muscarinic receptors in cardiac muscle affect the heart?
decreased heart rate
In organs that receive dual innervation from the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, the two divisions produce
opposing effects
The LOWEST level of integration in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) consists of
regulatory centers in the brain stem that control the viscera
What is the name of the endocrine gland that is innervated by the sympathetic division of the nervous system and is a modified sympathetic ganglion?
suprarenal gland
During a crisis, the event necessary for an individual to be able to cope with stressful and potentially dangerous situations is called
sympathetic activation
