Ch. 14 Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

In reality, a landscape behaves as a(an) ______ system.

open

Exfoliation occurs because

overlaying rock is removed, thereby allowing the underlying rock mass to expand and fracture

When rock is broken and distinguished without dissolving, the process in operation is

physical weathering

Uplift of the landscape creates ____ energy which is converted to _____ energy when materials begin to move downslope.

potential kinetic

In most areas, the upper surface of bedrock is partially weathered to broken-up rock called

regolith

human-indicated mass movements produce a category of processes known as

scarifcation

A slow persistent mass movement of surface soil is called

soil creep

List 2 forms of landslides

translational rotational

Other than rock itself, the most important chemical substance needed for the majority of weathering processes is

water

Landslides occur when

all of the above

The form that a landscape exhibits results from a balance between

all of the above

The rate at which rocks weathering depends on

all of the above

Which of the following can lead to hillslope failure?

all of the above

The steepness of a slope made of loose material is called the

angle of response

All processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of landforms are included in the term of

denudation

List 3 forms of physical weathering.

freeze-thaw action salt-crystal growth pressure-release jointing

The science that specifically studies the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution of landforms is

geomorphology

Chemical weathering is greatest under conditions of

higher mean annual rainfall and temp.

In which climates would rocks be weathered to the greatest depth

hot and wet

Which of the following is true of spheroidal weathering?

it attacks the corners and edges of rocks

And example of chemical weathering is

karst topography

_______ threshold is the point at which there is enough energy to overcome resistance against movement.

Geomorphic

Which of the following is true of joints

Only B and C are true... (enable more water and enhance weathering)

After a threshold is crossed, the landscape

adjust to a new equilibrium condition

The disintegration and dissolving of surface and subsurface rock is called

weathering

T/F: Physical weathering dominates in warm and wet climates.

F

On which part of a slope would rocks tend to fall at the highest speed?

Free face

T/F: A slope is stable if its strength exceeds the weathering and erosion process.

T

T/F: The angle of response depends on the size and texture of the grains.

T

T/F: The pressure-release jointing is a physical weathering process that does not involve water.

T

T/F: The salt crystal growth is primarily found in arid environments

T

The dynamic equilibrium model refers to

a balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denudation by weathering and erosion in a given landscape

Movement at the geomorphic threshold signals

a conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy

A landslide differs from a debris avalanche in that

a landslide moves more slowly