Ch. 14 Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement
In reality, a landscape behaves as a(an) ______ system.
open
Exfoliation occurs because
overlaying rock is removed, thereby allowing the underlying rock mass to expand and fracture
When rock is broken and distinguished without dissolving, the process in operation is
physical weathering
Uplift of the landscape creates ____ energy which is converted to _____ energy when materials begin to move downslope.
potential kinetic
In most areas, the upper surface of bedrock is partially weathered to broken-up rock called
regolith
human-indicated mass movements produce a category of processes known as
scarifcation
A slow persistent mass movement of surface soil is called
soil creep
List 2 forms of landslides
translational rotational
Other than rock itself, the most important chemical substance needed for the majority of weathering processes is
water
Landslides occur when
all of the above
The form that a landscape exhibits results from a balance between
all of the above
The rate at which rocks weathering depends on
all of the above
Which of the following can lead to hillslope failure?
all of the above
The steepness of a slope made of loose material is called the
angle of response
All processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of landforms are included in the term of
denudation
List 3 forms of physical weathering.
freeze-thaw action salt-crystal growth pressure-release jointing
The science that specifically studies the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution of landforms is
geomorphology
Chemical weathering is greatest under conditions of
higher mean annual rainfall and temp.
In which climates would rocks be weathered to the greatest depth
hot and wet
Which of the following is true of spheroidal weathering?
it attacks the corners and edges of rocks
And example of chemical weathering is
karst topography
_______ threshold is the point at which there is enough energy to overcome resistance against movement.
Geomorphic
Which of the following is true of joints
Only B and C are true... (enable more water and enhance weathering)
After a threshold is crossed, the landscape
adjust to a new equilibrium condition
The disintegration and dissolving of surface and subsurface rock is called
weathering
T/F: Physical weathering dominates in warm and wet climates.
F
On which part of a slope would rocks tend to fall at the highest speed?
Free face
T/F: A slope is stable if its strength exceeds the weathering and erosion process.
T
T/F: The angle of response depends on the size and texture of the grains.
T
T/F: The pressure-release jointing is a physical weathering process that does not involve water.
T
T/F: The salt crystal growth is primarily found in arid environments
T
The dynamic equilibrium model refers to
a balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denudation by weathering and erosion in a given landscape
Movement at the geomorphic threshold signals
a conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy
A landslide differs from a debris avalanche in that
a landslide moves more slowly