ch 15 & 16

Extensive testing of the effects of amphetamines has concluded that they

can improve performances by a few percentage points.

Laboratory studies of endurance on stationary bicycles have found that caffeine

can significantly improve work output at doses of 300-500 mg.

The 1999 report from the Institute of Medicine suggested that marijuana cigarettes should

be allowed for no more than six months for patients with intractable pain or vomiting.

In 1985, the FDA approved the sale of dronabinol (Marinol), which

is a capsule containing THC.

As of mid-2014, at least _____ states and Washington, D.C. have passed ballot initiatives allowing the use of medical marijuana.

23

Which of these was NOT one of the three reasons given for why we focus so much attention on drug use by athletes? a. They are seen as role models for youth. b. Athletes make so much money. Correct c. Drugs may give an unfair advantage and diminish the sport. d. The athletes may be endangering their health.

Athletes make so much money.

Which of the following did NOT occur in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s in the United States?

Marijuana use among high school students reached an all-time low.

Which of the following stimulant drugs have been used as performance enhancers in athletic competitions? a. strychnine b. cocaine c. caffeine d. all of the above

all of the above

An American physician came back from the 1956 Olympic games after learning about the Soviets' use of a steroid drug and helped to develop and test more selective ____________ steroids.

anabolic

The natural substance in the body that has marijuana-like effects is called

anandamide.

The 70 chemicals that are known to be unique to the cannabis plant are called

cannabinoids

Some bodybuilders are trying to appear not only big and strong, but also lean. This is sometimes referred to as looking

cut, ripped, shredded

Stimulant drugs like caffeine, amphetamines, and cocaine are sometimes considered to increase energy output and are, therefore, called __________ drugs.

ergogenic

According to recent data, marijuana is a clear cause of psychosis.

false

At the highest level of athletic competition (such as the mile run), amphetamines are probably not beneficial as performance enhancers because they only improve performance by 1%.

false

Mariani's Coca Wine, which was sold as "wine for athletes," was an early version of a cola drink containing large amounts of caffeine.

false

The 1999 report from the Institute of Medicine said that marijuana cigarettes should be made available to any medical patient on the recommendation of a physician.

false

Most of the resin is in which part of the cannabis plant?

flowering tops.

Cannabis indica has more psychoactive potency, whereas Cannabis sativa is more associated with

hemp

Although testosterone and related anabolic steroids clearly increase muscle mass during puberty, it has been more difficult to determine scientifically whether adult men with normal testosterone can get much stronger from extra steroids, partly because

it would be unethical to expose research participants to the high doses of multiple steroids reportedly used by athletes.

As part of the Omnibus Crime Control Act of 1990, anabolic steroids were

listed as Schedule III controlled substances, with limited prescription refills.

The 2003 BALCO scandal involved a laboratory that was

selling a previously undetectable steroid to baseball players.

The 1944 LaGuardia report of the New York Academy of Medicine concluded that "those who have been smoking marihuana for a period of years..."

showed no mental or physical deterioration.

Although regular marijuana smokers often show a slowing of cognitive processing, evidence for negative acute cognitive effects is less dramatic than it is for infrequent users.

true

Dronabinol, THC in a capsule, is legally available for prescription by physicians.

true

Panic reactions can be a common reaction in inexperienced marijuana smokers.

true

Some beta-2 agonists sold for treating asthma have been used by athletes as "nonsteroidal anabolic agents."

true

Stimulants are sometimes used as performance enhancers in academic settings as well as athletic competitions.

true

The Marijuana Tax Act, the first federal law regulating cannabis, was passed in 1937.

true

We have had scientific evidence of the effectiveness of amphetamines in enhancing athletic performance for about 50 years.

true