CH 15 Genetics Terms
polycistronic
A prokaryotic mRNA can contain open reading frames for several different proteins. This type of mRNA is termed ________
corepressor
A small effector molecule that binds to a repressor protein and allows it to bind to DNA is called a _______
effector
A small molecule that binds to an allosteric protein or an RNA molecule and causes a conformational change is called a __________
increase
An inducer is a small effector molecule that causes transcription to ......
polycistronic
An operon encodes a _________ mRNA, an RNA that contains the sequences of two or more genes
transcribed, translated
During gene expression, the information in DNA is _____ into RNA, and then the RNA message is ________ into a polypeptide
Sigma 32
Genes induced by heat shock are recognized by an alternative sigma factor called .....
3
How many domains does the lac repressor contain
constitutive
If a strain of E. coli has a mutation in the lacI gene such that the lac operon is expressed even in the absence of lactose, the mutatant is called ______
sigma subunit
In prokaryotes, the RNA polymerase holoenzyme is composed of the core enzyme plus the ___________ ___________
3
In the trp RNA leader, ________ stem loop structures are possible
glucose, galactose
Lactose is a complex sugar composed of the two monosaccharides __________ and ________
permease
Lactose is transported through the membrane of the bacterial cell via opening formed by the protein Lac _________
constitutive
Mutants whose genes are unregulated are called _______ mutants
RNA polymerase
Positive regulators of transcription usually act by establishing a physical contact with _________ __________ that attracts it to the promoter or keeps it there longer.
CRP
Protein that functions as an activator of the lac operon
allosteric
RNA leader sequences are _______ in that they can alter their stem loop structures and thus their function in respons to a wide variety of environmental cues.
14 2
The RNA leader of the trp operon includes a short open reading frame containing _______ codons, __________ of which code for tryptophan
untranslated region
The RNA leader sequence of mRNA is also referred to as the 5` UTR or 5`_________ _________
codons
The amino acid sequence of the polypeptide is synthesized by the ribosome according to instructions embodied in the sequence of _________ in the mRNA
shape
The binding of a small effector molecule to a regulatory protein changes the ______ of the regulatory protein, which alters its DNA binding ability
positive
The enhancement of RNA polymerase activity is known as _________ regulation
RNA Seq
The entire procedure used to sequence the transcriptome is known as ______-_________
transcription
The guanine riboswitch functions at the level of .....
allolactose
The inducer of the genes for lactose utilization is a molecule called __________
negative
The inhibition of RNA polymerase activity is termed _______ regulation
inducer DNA
The lacI (s) mutants cannot bind the _______, but can still bind to the ______. As a result, their lac operon is constantly repressed, regardless of lactose availability
dominant trans
The lacI+ is ________ to lacI- in ___
stem loops
The mRNA from the trpL genes has four regions that are complementary to each other and cause the mRNA to form ________-________
gene regulation
The phenomenon in which the level of gene expression in prokaryotes can vary under different conditions is termed prokaryotic ________ ___________
cAMP receptor
The positive regulator of the lac operon in the __________ ___________ protein (CRP)
acetyl
The product of the lacA gene adds _____ groups to lactose and other sugars
lacA
The product of which gene is not required for the breakdown of lactose
inducer
The small effector molecule _______ prevents the lac repressor from binding to operator
catabolite repression
The somewhat imprecise term that describes how transcriptional regulation is influenced by glucose is ___________ ___________
B-galactosidase
The splitting of lactose into two monosaccharides is catalyzed by the enzyme _____ - _______
promoter
To identify operons, computer experts have developed algorithms that search for several closely space genes adjacent to a _______, as well as for transcription termination signals
promoter
Transcription in prokaryotes begins when the RNA pol holoenzyme binds to specific DNA sequences in the region called the ___________.
operator
When the lac repressor binds the __________, RNA polymerase cannot transcribe the lacZ, lacY and lacA genes
trans-acting protein
Would using a merodiploid better indicate regulation of a gene by a trans-acting protein or a cis-acting DNA site
riboswitches
___________ are allosteric RNA leaders that bind small effector molecules to control gene expression
merodiploid
a strain of bacteria containing an F plasmid is called a ________, or a partial diploid
repressible
an anabolic pathway is turned off if the end product is present in sufficient quantities. This is termed ________ regulation
trans
if a mutation is _________ - acting, whichever allele of the gene is dominant will override any other allele of that gene in the cell
small, translation
molecules called sRNAs refer to ________ RNA molecules that regulate ________ by base pairing with mRNAs
trans operator
the product of the lacl gene is a _____-acting protein that can bind to the _______ of a lac operon regardles of its chromosomal location.
operator
when the lac repressor binds the _____, RNA polymerase cannot transcribe the lacZ, lacY, and lacA genes