ch 15 GML

Upon Lincoln's assassination, ____________ became president.

Andrew Johnson

In which of the following nations was the institution of slavery replaced by indentured servitude?

British Guiana

In consequence of the Reconstruction governments across the South, the region became a vibrant and successful hub of dynamic and expansive economic growth, allowing many African-Americans to escape from poverty.

False

Presidential Reconstruction (1865-1867) was a success.

False

While corruption was almost nonexistent in the North, it was rampant in the South.

False

The phrase, "forty acres and a mule," derived from:

Sherman's Field Order 15.

The House of Representatives approved articles of impeachment against President Andrew Johnson for violation of what law?

The Tenure of Office Act

In 1866, the Civil Rights Bill became the first major law in American history to be passed over a presidential veto.

True

In the Slaughterhouse Cases (1873), the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment had not altered traditional federalism.

True

Prior to ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, the rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights applied only to laws made by the federal government, not to laws made by individual states.

True

The KKK was founded in 1866 as a social club in Tennessee and served, in effect, as a military arm of the Democratic Party.

True

The Black Codes were:

laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves.

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution:

prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race.

What was being reconstructed (constructed again) in Reconstruction?

the nation

Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction:

were often convicted of vagrancy and fined; sometimes they were then auctioned off to work for the person who paid the fine.

In the aftermath of the Civil War, the black church was a powerful influence in the South; what two denominations commanded the largest African-American following?

Baptist and Methodist

The Black Codes were laws passed by southern Republicans to promote black rights.

False

Under Radical Reconstruction, blacks held most of the South's top elected positions.

False

Which of the following was not a major effect of Reconstruction (at its height) upon southern society?

It inspired a mass exodus of southern blacks to lands that had never known slavery.

Between 1880 and 1940 there were more white sharecroppers than black sharecroppers.

True

Black Codes denied black Americans the right to testify against whites, serve on juries or in state militias, or vote.

True

Black Codes sometimes assigned black children to work for their former masters without parental consent.

True

During Reconstruction, a number of state governments initiated civil rights legislation that made it illegal for railroads, hotels, and other institutions to discriminate on the basis of race.

True

Which of the following was not a major cause of the decline of Reconstruction?

a deepening of mutual respect between black and white southerners, making Reconstruction seem no longer necessary

In the summer of 1865, President Andrew Johnson ordered nearly all land in federal hands:

be returned to its former owners.

The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871:

defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses, and under these laws President Grant sent federal marshals to arrest hundreds of accused Klansmen.

In the five years following the end of the Civil War, former slaves were guaranteed the following in three amendments to the United States Constitution:

freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; the vote for adult black men

Which of the following was not a widespread activity among newly emancipated blacks?

moving to the North in search of greater freedom and opportunity

As meant in the section on the free labor system, define "free labor":

non-slave labor in a market economy

In consequence of the "Bargain of 1877," President Rutherford B. Hayes:

ordered federal troops to be withdrawn from the South.

"The destruction of slavery led feminists to search for ways to make the promise of free labor real for women." Define "feminists" in this context.

persons who held a view advocating social, political, and other rights for women equal to those of men

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

ratification of Thirteenth Amendment; Tenure of Office Act; impeachment of Johnson; election of Grant

Following the Civil War, white and black farmers in the South:

saw the price of cotton fall steadily.

Who among the following was not a leader of the Radical Republicans?

Andrew Johnson

"Scalawags" was a derogatory term used to describe southern white Republicans.

True

Some 700 blacks sat in state legislatures during Reconstruction.

True

Which was not a principal task of the Freedmen's Bureau (1865-1870)?

support black churches and businesses

Which were central elements in the lives of postemancipation blacks in the twenty years following the end of the Civil War?

the family, the church, the school

Which of the following was not a central thrust of the Reconstruction amendments to the Constitution?

redistribution of the former slaveowners' land among the freed slaves

Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that:

the Union victory created a golden opportunity to institutionalize the principal of equal rights for all, regardless of race.

"Redeemers" saved the South from the corrupt ways of Reconstruction politics and redeemed the South for fair and equal treatment for all Americans.

False

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, leading figures in the women's rights movement, were strong supporters of the Fifteenth Amendment.

False

The Fifteenth Amendment granted the vote to white women but not black women.

False

The Ku Klux Klan sought to uphold the American ideal of equality and justice for all.

False

Which was not true of Liberal Republicans in the post-Civil War era?

They believed the growth of federal power needed to be expanded.

After emancipation, many freedwomen elected to withdraw from work in the fields and focus their energies at home.

True

Among the important accomplishments of Reconstruction state governments was the establishment of the South's first state-supported public schools.

True

Black Americans continued to hold offices in the South into the 1890s.

True

Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens argued that planters' land should be confiscated and redistributed among former slaves.

True

During Radical Reconstruction, following ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, the vast majority of eligible African-Americans registered to vote.

True

During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African-Americans held public office, among them fourteen in the United States House of Representatives and two U.S. senators.

True

During the 1872 elections, the Liberal Republicans argued that Reconstruction was a failure.

True

Opposition to Reconstruction resulted from the distaste many southerners had for tax increases that were needed to fund public schools and other improvements, and also because many white southerners could not accept black Americans voting, holding office, and enjoying equality before the law.

True

Robert Smalls, a black representative in the United States House of Representatives, was elected to five terms in Congress.

True

The Bargain of 1877 marked the formal end to Reconstruction.

True

The Civil Rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the "Second Reconstruction."

True

The country was plunged into an economic depression in 1873, and support among Republicans for further reforms in the South weakened.

True

The period of Radical Reconstruction began in March 1867 with Congress's adoption of the Reconstruction Act over the president's veto and ended in 1877.

True

During Reconstruction, the black church functioned as a vital setting for:

all of the above.

Sharecropping:

allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year.

The Reconstruction Act of March 1867:

divided the South into five military districts and called for creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote.

One of the main purposes of the Freedmen's Bureau was to:

ensure a fair and viable system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders.

In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction?

none