Ch 15: Psychological Disorders

What are examples of "Specific Phobia"?

Acrophobia, Claustrophobia, & Agoraphobia

Angelique has not left her house for two years. She is completely terrified of going out. Based on this description, she is probably suffering from:

Agoraphobia

Which of the following people would be diagnosed with a phobia?

Amy, who has an exaggerated, unrealistic fear of being away from home.

Mason stole a variety of toys from the toy store. When his mother confronts him about his behavior, he shows no remorse and doesn't seem to fear punishment at all. His mother explains that by stealing from the store he is hurting the store owner's ability to take care of her family, but Mason shows no empathy. What mental disorder does Mason most likely have?

Antisocial personality disorder

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors.

Anxiety

Among the nearly one-half of adult Americans who develop diagnosable psychological disorders at some point in their lives, which of the following types of disorder is most prevalent?

Anxiety disorders

What is the difference between Anxiety & Anxiety Disorder?

Anxiety disorders are common & can cause distress. They are the most frequent occurring class of mental disorders

Describe: Delusion

Belief that is contrary to reality & is firmly help, despite contradictory evidence

Define: Anxiety Disorder

Characterized by excessive & persistent fear & anxiety, & related disturbances in behavior

Define: Autism Spectrum Disorder

Childhood disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction & communication, & repetitive patterns of behaviors interests

Define: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Childhood disorder characterized by inattentiveness and/or hyperactive, impulsive behavior

What is "Comorbidity"?

Co-occurrence of two disorders in the same individual Ex) Anxiety & Depression

Define: Major Depressive Disorder

Commonly referred to as "depression" or "major depression" characterized by sadness or loss of pleasure in usual activities, along w/ other symptoms

Define: Psychological Disorder

Condition characterized by. abnormal thoughts, feelings & behaviors

Lolly believes that the C.I.A. and other government agencies are trying to kill her. This is an example of a:

Delusion

Define: Diagnosis

Determination of which disorder a set of symptoms represents

Define: Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD)

Disorder involving persistent & generalized anxiety & worry

Eleanor is a quiet 41-year-old housewife. Occasionally, she seems to "become" a 14-year-old male juvenile delinquent. Other times she "becomes" a 52-year-old, foul-mouthed alcoholic. Eleanor is most likely to be diagnosed with:

Dissociative identity disorder

What is "Mania"?

Feel creative, all-powerful, invincible, don't need to eat or sleep, high energy, euphoric, talkative; agitation

Describe: Borderline Personality Disorder

Instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, & mood, as well as impulsively

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion?

Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.

Describe: Antisocial Personality Disorder

Lack of regard for others' rights, impulsive deceitfulness, irresponsibility, & lack of remorse over misdeeds

What is the biological perspective of "Psychological Disorders"?

Linked to genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities; sources say most cases have a genetic component involved

Kyle use to love practicing his tuba, but lately he hasn't felt like playing. To make matters worse, he has lost his appetite and life seems hopeless. Which disorder would Kyle be most likely to have?

Major depressive disorder

_____ is/are categorized by feelings of euphoria, creativity, and invincibility.

Mania

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n) ________ episode.

Manic

Describe: Bipolar Disorder

Mood disorder characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression & mania

Define: Anxiety

Most common mental illness in the U.S.

Define: Dissociative Identity Disorder

Multiple personality disorder, where a person exhibits two or more distinct, & experience memory gaps for the time during the identities emerge

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms.

Negative

Define: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder(OCD)

Obsessive, recurring THOUGHTS of danger create anxiety Compulsive, ritualistic BEHAVIOR or mental acts reduce anxiety

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

Obsessive-compulsive

Describe: Hallucination

Perceptual experience that occurs in absence of external stimulation, such as auditory (hearing voices)

Define: Social Anxiety Disorder

Type of disorder involving excessive fear of social situations (Social Phobia)

Research results between vaccines & autism

Vaccines are triggered by the MMR, and cause "Autism"

Piper is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd," and prefers the safe and secure feeling of her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, Piper might be diagnosed with ________.

agoraphobia

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Thoughts about death, loss of appetite or overeating, insomnia or fatigue, and hopelessness are all symptoms of:

major depressive disorder.

Whenever Fritz leaves his house, he has a nagging thought that he is forgetting something. He goes back to check that he has turned off the water and stove and locked the door. Some days, it takes Fritz more than an hour to actually leave the house. Fritz may be experiencing:

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

In explaining the development of schizophrenia, the diathesis-stress model emphasizes:

the interaction of genetic predispositions and stress.

What are the FOUR formal criteria used by the APA to identify a psychological disorder?

- Atypical - Distressful - Dysfunctional - Dangerous

What are the FOUR criteria the DSM provides for each psychological disorder?

- Overview - Symptoms - Prevalence - Risk Factors

What is "Specific Phobia"?

Phobic reactions involving specific situations or objects

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring Cordelia's left arm. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing ________ disorder.

Post-traumatic stress

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder.

Psychotic

Define: Schizophrenia

Severe disorder characterized by major disturbance in thought, perception, emotion & behavior w/ symptoms that include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, behavior, etc.

Diana has borderline personality disorder. Which of the following best describes the major symptoms of her disorder?

Tendency toward mood swings and stormy relationships with others

Define: Diathesis-stress model

This suggests that people w/ an underlying disorder are more likely than others to develop a disorder then faced w/ negative life events, trauma, and so on

What is the purpose of "The Diagnosis & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders"?

To provide clear diagnostic categories of mental disorders

What is the purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?

To provide clear diagnostic categories of mental disorders.

Define: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Traumatic events leading to symptoms that include distressing memories of the event, avoidance of stimuli connected to the event, negative emotional states, feelings etc. Symptoms will occur for at least one month

Last week, Winona ended up in the hospital after a fight with her boyfriend. She swallowed a whole bottle of Tylenol after finding a text on her boyfriend's phone from one of his female classmates. Winona has always had difficulty regulating her emotions and often behaves impulsively. These symptoms can be signs of:

bipolar disorder

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder