Ch. 16 (DT w. Beta-Lactam Antibact. Agents)

A patient is diagnosed with infective endocarditis. Which of the following medications is most effective in treating this patient?

Ampicillin

A patient previously experienced an anaphylactic reaction to penicillin G. Which of the following medications should not be administered to this patient due to the potential for cross-sensitivity?

Cefadroxil (Duricef)

A 71-year-old man with a history of osteoarthritis is scheduled for hip replacement surgery, and the surgeon has ordered a first-generation cephalosporin to be administered before and after surgery as prophylaxis. Which of the following drugs is a first-generation cephalosporin?

Cefazolin (Ancef)

A patient is scheduled for a vaginal hysterectomy. Which of the following medications is the drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis?

Cefazolin sodium (Ancef)

A patient is diagnosed with B. fragilis, an anaerobic organism resistant to most drugs. What is the drug of choice to treat this microorganism?

Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)

An older adult patient has just been diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia and aztreonam (Azactam) has been ordered. What action should the nurse perform before administering the first dose?

Confirm the patient's allergy status.

Oral ampicillin has been ordered for a female patient whose urinary tract infection will be treated in a home setting. When teaching this patient about her antibiotic, the nurse should instruct the patient to do which of the following?

Drink a full glass of water when taking a dose of the drug.

A nurse has established intravenous access in a patient whose infection necessitates treatment with IV cefazolin. What potential adverse reaction is most likely during this patient's course of treat?

Gastrointestinal upset

A patient is administered a third-generation cephalosporin. Which of the following microorganisms are cephalosporins most effective in treating?

Gram-negative

A patient is administered Augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium) to treat otitis media. How does a beta-lactamase inhibitor agent achieve a therapeutic effect?

It extends the spectrum of antibacterial activity of penicillin.

A patient is administered aztreonam (Azactam). What is the major advantage of this monobactam over the aminoglycosides in treating P. aeruginosa?

It has lower risk for hearing loss.

A patient is administered penicillin V orally for a strep throat. What is the mechanism of action of this medication?

It inhibits cell wall synthesis.

A patient with septicemia is administered cefotaxime sodium (Claforan), a second-generation cephalosporin. How is this medication excreted?

It is excreted by the kidneys.

A patient is to receive imipenem-cilastatin (Primaxin) IM to treat P. aeruginosa. What should imipenem-cilastatin be mixed with prior to administering intramuscularly?

Lidocaine

An adult patient has a history of rheumatic fever. Which of the following medications should be administered as prophylaxis for rheumatic fever?

Penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin LA)

Unasyn is being administered to a patient with an infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. What type of anti-infective is Unasyn?

Penicillin-beta-lactamase inhibitor combination

A patient has been prescribed an oral penicillin for an infection caused by gram-negative bacilli. When conducting health education for this patient, the nurse should emphasize which of the following?

The need to take the medication on an empty stomach

An intensive care unit (ICU) nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous dose of imipenem-cilastatin to a patient who is being treated for sepsis. What aspect of this patient's history would contraindicate the use of this drug?

The patient has a documented allergy to penicillin.

A 69-year-old female responded well to inpatient treatment with a third-generation cephalosporin. After being largely symptom free for 48 hours, the woman has developed a fever of 38.6°C and an elevated white cell count. What phenomenon may account for this patient's current clinical presentation?

The patient may be infected with microorganisms that were resistant to the cephalosporin.

A patient is administered imipenem-cilastatin for the treatment of an E. coli infection. The nurse should be aware that cilastatin is combined with the imipenem for what purpose?

To inhibit the destruction of imipenem