ch. 16 quiz (mastering for microbiology)

Which statement regarding the lymphatic system is true?

Lymphatic capillaries possess one-way valves. These valves permit the uptake of fluid from the body but do not allow the fluid to flow back out of the capillaries into the intracellular spaces.

What is a phagolysosome?

The structure that results from the fusion of a phagosome and a lysosome.

What is the role of opsonins?

They create "handles" that make it easier for the pseudopods of phagocytes to attach to the microbe invader.

All of the following pertain to fever EXCEPT that it

accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract.

Activation of C3a results in

acute inflammation

Margination refers to

adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels.

The process by which a phagocyte moves toward a chemical signal at the site of an infection is called

chemotaxis

Which of the following is mismatched? diapedesis - movement of leukocytes between capillary walls cells out of blood and into tissue abscess - a cavity created by tissue damage and filled with pus scab - dried blood clot over injured tissue chemotaxis - chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome pus - tissue debris and dead phagocytes in a white or yellow fluid

chemotaxis - chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome

Unbroken skin poses a substantial barrier to microbes. All of the following contribute to this barrier except _____________.

complement proteins found in perspiration

Several inherited deficiencies in the complement system occur in humans. Which of the following would be the MOST severe?

deficiency of C3

Which of the following is an effect of opsonization? increased margination of phagocytes increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms inflammation increased diapedesis of phagocytes cytolysis

increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms

Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to

produce toxic oxygen products.

Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT phagocytosis. production of interferon. inflammation. activation of complement. production of antibody.

production of antibody

Normal microbiota provide resistance to disease in all of the following ways except __________________. serving as prebiotics promoting the development and maturation of the immune system competitive exclusion microbial antagonism

serving as prebiotics

Which of the following phagocytic processes occurs last in the sequence?

Exocytosis

What does the plasma membrane of a phagocyte attach to on a microorganism?

Glycoproteins

Each of the following is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT bacterial cell lysis. increased phagocytic activity. interference with viral replication. increased blood vessel permeability. opsonization.

interference with viral replication.

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT they produce lysozyme. they compete with pathogens for nutrients. they change the pH of the environment. they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria. they produce antibacterial chemicals.

they produce lysozyme

The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to

trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract