Ch. 16 Study Guide

Mugwumps

(Renegade reformers)a republican political activists who boltedfrom the united states republican party by supporting democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States presidential elections of 1884

Wabash V. Illinois

allowed states to regulate railroads

President of the Post Civil War time Period

1865-1869 Andrew Johnson (R) 1869-1877 Ulysses S. Grant (R) 177-1881 Rutherford B. Hayes (R) 1881 James A. Garfield (R) 1881-1885 Chester A. Arthur (R) 1885-1889 Grover Cleveland (R) 1889-1893 Benjamin Harrison (R) 1893-1897 Grover Cleveland (D) 1897-1901 William McKinley (R) Jim Crow

Populist

A member of the people's party

Boooker T. Washington

African American educator who founded the Tuskegee institute.educator urged fellow african americans to concentrate on achieving economic goals rather than legal or political one.

W.E.B Du Bois

An intellectual leader in the United States as a sociologist, historian civil rights activist, Pan Africanist, author editor

McKinley tariff

Commonly called the McKinley Tariff was an act framed by Representative William McKinley that became law on October 1, 1890

Crime of 73

Congress had stopped the minting of silver dollars, an action later stigmatized by friends of silver as the Crime of 73.

Chester A Arthur

For vice president. Despite the party's feud,it's ticket managed to win the election. A few months into his presidency how-ever Garfield was assassinated

Benjamin Harrison

His Campaign was given large contributions by industrialist who wanted tariff protection,He won the election by winning the electoral vote, but not the popular vote.

Populist Party Pattern

Joined with African Americans took control of Kansas and Nebraska's legislature.

James. A Garfield

was assassinated a few months into his presidency. He was killed by a Stalwart who wanted a civil service job through the spoils system.

New Farming Technologies

Steel plow,Windmills,Barbed wire, Reapers,Threshers

Ida B. Wells

The American plain journalist,newspaper editor and with her husband newspaper owner Ferdinand L. Barnett and early leader in the civil rights movement

Homer Plessey

The American plaintiff in the United States Supreme Court decision in Plessy V. Ferguson

Panic of 1893

was caused by the bankruptcy of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroads. It resulted in the stock market crash and the closing of many banks.

Grover Cleveland

Was an opponent of Tammany Hall, the corrupt democratic political machine in New York city

William Jennings Bryan

William Jennings Bryan for the president election of 1896,He strongly supported the unlimited coinage of silver. Populist also supported Bryan for presiden

Poll Tax

a tax of a portioned, fixed amount per individual in accordance with the census as opposed to a percent of income

Patronage

another name for the spoils system,in which government jobs or favors are given out to political allies and friends

Rutherford B. Hayes

attacked the practice of patronage.accused him of backing civil service reform to create openings of his own supporters

Goldbugs

believed gold should be the money currency,a person who believes that American currency should be based on a gold standard.

silver rights

believed silver should be the money currency.person who believes that coining silver currency in unlimited quantities will eliminate economic crisis

Populist Party

called for major reforms aimed at relieving farmers and workers from exploration by bank, railroads and merchants

Interstate Commerce Act

created an interstate commerce commission to oversee the conduct of the railroad industry.

Pendulous Act

established a merit-based system of selecting government officials and supervising their work.

1892 election

former President Grover Cleveland ran for re-election against the incumbent President Benjamin Harrison, who was also running for re-election segregation in the south jim crow laws

Granger

got together for educational purpose tired to pool cooperatives and none of their ideas improved farming

Husbandry

known as the Patron of Husbandry they made farming organization

Farmers Alliance co-ops and why they failed

was to form cooperatives,the farmers alliance failed because lack of capital,poor management and insufficient patron support.

Grandfather Clause

prevented black people from voting,allowed any man to vote if he had an ancestor on the voting rolls in 1867.

Sherman Anti-trust act

requires the United States federal Government to investigate and pursue trust,compains,and organizations suspected of violating the act

Segregation

separation of the races was different because laws enforced and perpetuated the discrimination. The statutes enforcing segregation were known as Jim Crow Laws

Jim Crow

state and local laws in the united states enacted between 1876 and 1965

Election of 1876-1896

tariff reduction became a major issue. Between 1876-1896 republicans won 4 out of 6 presidential elections

Free sliver issue

the free coinage of silver,an end to protective tariffs and national banks,tighter regulation of the railroads,and direct election of seators by voter instead of by state legislatures

Lynching

the illegal execution of an accused person by a mob

Farming Technology

their prices on their crops dropped due to this.

Literacy Test

used to deny suffrage to African American. The first formal voter literacy tests were introduced in 1890.

Civil right act 1875

was a United States federal law proposed by Senator Charles Summer and Representative Benjamin F. Butler (both republicans) in 1870

Granger law

were a series of laws passed in western states of the United States after the American Civil War to regulate grain elevator and railroad freight rates and rebates and to address long- and short-haul discrimination and other railroad abuses against farmers

Populist

were people who supported the movement to increase farmers political power and to work for legislation in their interest