CH. 17 Homework
oxytocin, insulin, glucagon
peptide
Arrange the following in the proper order in which they occur during glucocorticoid hormone action. 1. Binding of hormone to receptor 2. Release of HSP90 proteins 3. Entry of hormone into the nucleus
1,2,3
Which of the following is a function of ADH?
Decrease urine volume output and cause blood vessel constriction
In addition to cAMP, diglyceride and inositol triphosphate are common second ____________ .
messengers
norepinephrine, thyroid hormone, dopamine
monoamine
In Type II diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because __________.
muscle and liver cells do not receive a signal
The hypothalamus controls the posterior pituitary by way of __________.
neuroendocrine reflexes
In Type I diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because __________.
no insulin is released
Hyperglysemia stimulates these cells to secrete insulin
pancreatic islets
hydrophilic, bind to membrane bound receptors, require second messenger systems, elicit responses almost immediately, utilize cAMP, DAG, or IP3 systems
peptide
Glucocorticoid response elements function as enhancers.
true
The glucocorticoid receptor is active as a dimer.
true
The hypothalamus secretes eight hormones, six to regulate the anterior pituitary and two that are stored in the posterior pituitary.
true
The thyroxine-hormone receptor complex increases the level of transcription of specific genes.
true
t/f: ADH helps to conserve water during dehydration.
true
t/f: ADH travels to its target cells via the bloodstream.
true
t/f: Hormones are chemical messengers that are transported by the bloodstream and stimulate physiological responses in cells of another tissue or organ.
true
t/f: Steroid hormones travel in the blood attached to protein carriers.
true
t/f: Thyroxine is brought to target cells via a protein-carrier.
true
t/f: Type I diabetes in obese patients can be treated with metformin (an oral anti-diabetic drug).
False
Which hormone stimulates sperm production?
Follicle stimulating hormone
In both cases, a hormone binds to its receptor, activating a ____________ , which migrates to a phospholipase molecule and activates it.
G Protein
The binding of epinephrine to its receptor activates a(n) __________.
G protein
Follicle Stimulating hormone stimulates the production of sperm in this tissue
Seminiferous tubules
The pituitary gland is composed of two structures: the posterior lobe called the neurohypophysis and the anterior lobe called the __________.
adenohypophysis
The second messenger cAMP is synthesized by the enzyme __________.
adenylyl cyclase
Insulin stimulates this tissue to convert glucose to triglycerides
adipose tissue
The role of Insulin is to __________.
allow cells to take in glucose
- prolactin -adrenocorticotropic hormone - lutenizin hormone - follicle-stimulating hormone -thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) - growth hormone
anterior pituitary hormones
Which pituitary hormone reduces urine volume and increases blood volume?
antidiuretic hormone
Which pancreatic cells secrete insulin?
beta cells
Erythropoeitin stimulates increased production of this tissue
blood tissue
Parathyroid hormone stimulates this tissue to release calcium.
bone tissue
Epinephrine stimulates the beta receptors of this tissue producing cAMP production and calcium permeability
cardiac tissue
Steroid hormones are derived from __________.
cholesterol
Enzymes remove a large middle segment called the ____________ .
connecting peptide
In the case of ____________ , phospholipase removes the phosphate-containing group from the head of a membrane phospholipid, leaving DAG, which remains embedded in the plasma membrane.
diacylglycerol
When the signal peptide is removed, the chain folds back on itself and forms three ____ bridges.
disulfide
Individuals with Type I diabetes __________.
do not produce insulin
Individuals with type II diabetes __________.
do not respond to insulin
testosterone, prolactin, erythropoietin, triiodothyronine, oxytocin
endocrine
sebum, sweat, mucus, bile, hydrochloric acid
exocrine
t/f: Epinephrine has to cross the cell membrane to bind to its receptor in the cytoplasm.
false
t/f: Steroid hormones are water-soluble.
false
t/f: The second messenger cAMP is made from ADP.
false
t/f: Type II diabetics are initially treated with injection of insulin.
false
The steroid hormone-receptor complex binds to __________.
hormone response elements in DNA
Growth hormone stimulates chondroblasts and hyperplasia in the tissue and ossification of matrix.
hyaline cartilage
- thyrotropin-releasing hormone - prolactin-inhibiting hormone - somatostatin - gonadotropin-releasing hormone - corticotrpoin- releasing hormone - growth hormone-releasing hormone
hypothalamic hormones
Dehydration is detected by osmoreceptors in the __________.
hypothalamus
In the case of ____________ , the phosphate-containing group removed is IP₃.
inositol triphosphate
The treatment for Type I diabetes always includes __________.
insulin
Which of the following is not a process that is stimulated by glucocorticoid hormones? -synthesis of glucose -mobilization of fats -breakdown of proteins -maturation of ovarian follicles
maturation of ovarian follicles
The inner core of the adrenal gland is called the adrenal __________.
medulla
Epinephrine binds to muscarinic receptors in this tissue to cause increased secretion of sweat
merocrine sweat glands
Hormones display __________ effects when one hormone enhances the target organ's response to a second hormone that is secreted later.
permissive
The enzyme alpha-kinase adds __________ to proteins.
phosphates
Which gland is thought to play a role in establishing 24-hour circadian rhythms?
pineal gland
The remainder is now insulin composed of two ______________ totaling 51 amino acids, connected to each other by 2 or 3 disulfide bridges
polypeptide chains
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released by the __________.
posterior pituitary
The synthesis of insulin begins with molecules of ____________ .
preproinsulin
Steroid hormones bind to ____________ of the target cell.
protein receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus
Insulin, released after a meal is eaten by a person who does not have diabetes, will cause blood sugar levels to __________.
return to about normal
This is packaged into a ____________ .
secretory vesicle
Growth hormone stimulates this tissue to hypertrophy in response to mechanical trauma
skeletal muscle tissue
require a transport protein, hydrophobic, bind to receptors in the cells nucleus, elicit responses over several hours to days, pass directly through the plasma membrane
steroid
testosterone, estrone, cortisol
steroid
Glucocorticoids are __________ hormones secreted by __________ glands.
steroid; endocrine
The mode of action of steroid hormones involves __________.
stimulation of mRNA transcription
The thyroid gland secretes large amounts of _________ and __________.
tetraiodothyronine; small amounts of triiodothyronine