CH. 17 Homework

oxytocin, insulin, glucagon

peptide

Arrange the following in the proper order in which they occur during glucocorticoid hormone action. 1. Binding of hormone to receptor 2. Release of HSP90 proteins 3. Entry of hormone into the nucleus

1,2,3

Which of the following is a function of ADH?

Decrease urine volume output and cause blood vessel constriction

In addition to cAMP, diglyceride and inositol triphosphate are common second ____________ .

messengers

norepinephrine, thyroid hormone, dopamine

monoamine

In Type II diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because __________.

muscle and liver cells do not receive a signal

The hypothalamus controls the posterior pituitary by way of __________.

neuroendocrine reflexes

In Type I diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because __________.

no insulin is released

Hyperglysemia stimulates these cells to secrete insulin

pancreatic islets

hydrophilic, bind to membrane bound receptors, require second messenger systems, elicit responses almost immediately, utilize cAMP, DAG, or IP3 systems

peptide

Glucocorticoid response elements function as enhancers.

true

The glucocorticoid receptor is active as a dimer.

true

The hypothalamus secretes eight hormones, six to regulate the anterior pituitary and two that are stored in the posterior pituitary.

true

The thyroxine-hormone receptor complex increases the level of transcription of specific genes.

true

t/f: ADH helps to conserve water during dehydration.

true

t/f: ADH travels to its target cells via the bloodstream.

true

t/f: Hormones are chemical messengers that are transported by the bloodstream and stimulate physiological responses in cells of another tissue or organ.

true

t/f: Steroid hormones travel in the blood attached to protein carriers.

true

t/f: Thyroxine is brought to target cells via a protein-carrier.

true

t/f: Type I diabetes in obese patients can be treated with metformin (an oral anti-diabetic drug).

False

Which hormone stimulates sperm production?

Follicle stimulating hormone

In both cases, a hormone binds to its receptor, activating a ____________ , which migrates to a phospholipase molecule and activates it.

G Protein

The binding of epinephrine to its receptor activates a(n) __________.

G protein

Follicle Stimulating hormone stimulates the production of sperm in this tissue

Seminiferous tubules

The pituitary gland is composed of two structures: the posterior lobe called the neurohypophysis and the anterior lobe called the __________.

adenohypophysis

The second messenger cAMP is synthesized by the enzyme __________.

adenylyl cyclase

Insulin stimulates this tissue to convert glucose to triglycerides

adipose tissue

The role of Insulin is to __________.

allow cells to take in glucose

- prolactin -adrenocorticotropic hormone - lutenizin hormone - follicle-stimulating hormone -thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) - growth hormone

anterior pituitary hormones

Which pituitary hormone reduces urine volume and increases blood volume?

antidiuretic hormone

Which pancreatic cells secrete insulin?

beta cells

Erythropoeitin stimulates increased production of this tissue

blood tissue

Parathyroid hormone stimulates this tissue to release calcium.

bone tissue

Epinephrine stimulates the beta receptors of this tissue producing cAMP production and calcium permeability

cardiac tissue

Steroid hormones are derived from __________.

cholesterol

Enzymes remove a large middle segment called the ____________ .

connecting peptide

In the case of ____________ , phospholipase removes the phosphate-containing group from the head of a membrane phospholipid, leaving DAG, which remains embedded in the plasma membrane.

diacylglycerol

When the signal peptide is removed, the chain folds back on itself and forms three ____ bridges.

disulfide

Individuals with Type I diabetes __________.

do not produce insulin

Individuals with type II diabetes __________.

do not respond to insulin

testosterone, prolactin, erythropoietin, triiodothyronine, oxytocin

endocrine

sebum, sweat, mucus, bile, hydrochloric acid

exocrine

t/f: Epinephrine has to cross the cell membrane to bind to its receptor in the cytoplasm.

false

t/f: Steroid hormones are water-soluble.

false

t/f: The second messenger cAMP is made from ADP.

false

t/f: Type II diabetics are initially treated with injection of insulin.

false

The steroid hormone-receptor complex binds to __________.

hormone response elements in DNA

Growth hormone stimulates chondroblasts and hyperplasia in the tissue and ossification of matrix.

hyaline cartilage

- thyrotropin-releasing hormone - prolactin-inhibiting hormone - somatostatin - gonadotropin-releasing hormone - corticotrpoin- releasing hormone - growth hormone-releasing hormone

hypothalamic hormones

Dehydration is detected by osmoreceptors in the __________.

hypothalamus

In the case of ____________ , the phosphate-containing group removed is IP₃.

inositol triphosphate

The treatment for Type I diabetes always includes __________.

insulin

Which of the following is not a process that is stimulated by glucocorticoid hormones? -synthesis of glucose -mobilization of fats -breakdown of proteins -maturation of ovarian follicles

maturation of ovarian follicles

The inner core of the adrenal gland is called the adrenal __________.

medulla

Epinephrine binds to muscarinic receptors in this tissue to cause increased secretion of sweat

merocrine sweat glands

Hormones display __________ effects when one hormone enhances the target organ's response to a second hormone that is secreted later.

permissive

The enzyme alpha-kinase adds __________ to proteins.

phosphates

Which gland is thought to play a role in establishing 24-hour circadian rhythms?

pineal gland

The remainder is now insulin composed of two ______________ totaling 51 amino acids, connected to each other by 2 or 3 disulfide bridges

polypeptide chains

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released by the __________.

posterior pituitary

The synthesis of insulin begins with molecules of ____________ .

preproinsulin

Steroid hormones bind to ____________ of the target cell.

protein receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus

Insulin, released after a meal is eaten by a person who does not have diabetes, will cause blood sugar levels to __________.

return to about normal

This is packaged into a ____________ .

secretory vesicle

Growth hormone stimulates this tissue to hypertrophy in response to mechanical trauma

skeletal muscle tissue

require a transport protein, hydrophobic, bind to receptors in the cells nucleus, elicit responses over several hours to days, pass directly through the plasma membrane

steroid

testosterone, estrone, cortisol

steroid

Glucocorticoids are __________ hormones secreted by __________ glands.

steroid; endocrine

The mode of action of steroid hormones involves __________.

stimulation of mRNA transcription

The thyroid gland secretes large amounts of _________ and __________.

tetraiodothyronine; small amounts of triiodothyronine