Hofstede's and Trompenaars' cultural dimensions
neutral vs. emotional
neutral - emotions held in check emotional - emotions are naturally and openly expressed
Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions
power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism v. collectivism, masculinity v. feminism , time orientation, indulgence v. restraint
Specific vs. Diffuse
specific - very large public space and very small private space diffuse - public and private space are similar in size, so individuals guard public space more
Universalism vs. Particularism
universalism - belief that ideas and practices can be used without modification anywhere particularism - circumstances dictate how ideas and practices should be applied
Trompenaars
universalism vs. particularism neutral vs. emotional specific vs. diffuse achievement vs. ascription individualism vs. communitarianism time - synchronous or sequential environment - inner directed or outer directed