Hofstede's and Trompenaars' cultural dimensions

neutral vs. emotional

neutral - emotions held in check emotional - emotions are naturally and openly expressed

Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions

power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism v. collectivism, masculinity v. feminism , time orientation, indulgence v. restraint

Specific vs. Diffuse

specific - very large public space and very small private space diffuse - public and private space are similar in size, so individuals guard public space more

Universalism vs. Particularism

universalism - belief that ideas and practices can be used without modification anywhere particularism - circumstances dictate how ideas and practices should be applied

Trompenaars

universalism vs. particularism neutral vs. emotional specific vs. diffuse achievement vs. ascription individualism vs. communitarianism time - synchronous or sequential environment - inner directed or outer directed