CH. 17 HW A&P 223

The auditory ossicles connect the a) tympanic membrane to the oval window b) otitis to the media c) oval window to the round window d) stapedius to the tympanic membrane e) tympanic membrane to the round window

a) tympanic membrane to the oval window

The frequency of a perceived sound depends on a) which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated b) the number of hair cells that are stimulated c) the frequency of stereocilia vibration d) the frequency of vibration of the tectorial membrane e) the movement of perilymph in the cochlear duct

a) which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated

The sensory receptors of the semicircular canals are located in the a) saccules b) ampullary crest c) utricles d) perilymph e) basilar membrane

b) ampullary crest

The structure that supports the spiral organ is the a) tympanic membrane b) basilar membrane c) vestibular duct d) tectorial membrane e) membranous labyrinth

b) basilar membrane

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term stereocilia? a) tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium b) bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells c) transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear d) move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth e) seal the oval window

b) bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells

Which of the following is incorrectly matched? a) anterior chamber: between the cornea and iris b) ciliary body: site of extrinsic eye muscle attachment c) sclera: covers most of the ocular surface d) retina: consists of a pigmented layer and a neural layer e) posterior chamber: between the iris and the lens

b) ciliary body: site of extrinsic eye muscle attachment

During accommodation, the ciliary muscle ________ causing the ciliary body to move ________ and apply ________ tension on the lens. a) relaxes; inward; less b) contracts; toward the lens; less c) contracts; away from the lens; more d) contracts; away form the lens; less e) relaxes; toward the lens; more

b) contracts; toward the lens; less

Movement of the endolymph in the semicircular canals a) produces a rushing sound b) signals linear acceleration c) signals rotational movements d) allows us to hear low tones e) signals body position with respect to gravity

c) signals rotational movements

The optic disc is a blind spot because a) humans are unable to focus light on that area of the retina b) the vitreous body is too thick in this area for the passage of light c) there are no photoreceptors in that area d) the retina lacks nerves in the optic disc e) the fovea prevents light from striking the optic disc

c) there are no photoreceptors in that area

________ cells connect photoreceptors to ganglion cells. a) cone b) ganglion c) amacrine d) bipolar e) rod

d) bipolar

Photoreceptors that convey our ability to see color are a) horizontal cells b) bipolar cells c) rods d) cones e) amacrine cells

d) cones

An area of the retina that contains only cones and is the site of sharpest vision is the a) optic disc b) tapetum lucidum c) outer segment d) fovea e) inner segment

d) fovea

The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by a) moving in and out b) dilating and constricting c) moving up and down d) changing chape e) opening and closing

d) changing shape

________ fills the membranous labyrinth. a) Endolymph b) CSF c) Blood d) Perilymph e) Interstitial fluid

a) Endolymph

Which of the following is a function of the pigmented layer of the retina? a) absorb light passing through the neural layer b) refract light onto the photoreceptors c) provide eye color d) house the photoreceptors e) secrete vitreous humor

a) absorb light passing through the neural layer

The ciliary muscle contracts to a) adjust the shape of the lens for near vision b) control the amount of light reaching the retina c) control the production of aqueous humor d) adjust the shape of the lens for distant vision e) adjust the shape of the cornea

a) adjust the shape of the lens for near vision

The space between the cornea and the iris is the a) anterior chamber b) aqueous humor c) pupil d) posterior chamber e) scleral venous sinus

a) anterior chamber

The ________ covers most of the exposed surface of the eye. a) conjunctiva b) anterior chamber c) cornea d) iris e) caruncle

a) conjunctiva

In the human eye, most refraction occurs when light passes through the a) cornea b) iris c) vitreous humor d) aqueous humor e) lens

a) cornea

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer is the a) cornea b) iris c) pupil d) conjunctiva e) angle

a) cornea

The cornea is part of the a) fibrous layer b) neural layer c) uvea d) choroid e) iris

a) fibrous layer

Under which condition would the release of neurotransmitter by photoreceptors be greatest? a) focusing intently on a distant object b) focusing intently on a close object c) under normal room light d) immediately after going outside in bright sunlight e) in a pitch-black room after 30 minutes

a) in a pitch-black room after 30 minutes

The hair cells of the utricle and saccule are clustered in a) maculae b) otoconia c) ampullae d) ampullary cupulae e) cristae

a) maculae

Some neural tissues retain stem cells and thus the capacity to divide and replace lost neurons. Which of these special senses can replace its damaged neural receptors? a) olfaction b) vision c) hearing d) equilibrium e) proprioception

a) olfaction

Which of the following types of sensory information reaches the cerebral cortex directly? a) olfactory b) gustatory c) hearing d) equilibrium e) visual

a) olfactory

The ________ ear collects sounds waves and transmits them to the ________ ear, which contains auditory ossicles. a) outer; middle b) inner; middle c) superficial; deep d) outer; inner e) middle; inner

a) outer; middle

When you spin quickly, you may feel dizzy. Which component of the inner ear generates the sensations that can lead to this feeling? a) semicircular canals b) ossicles c) maculae d) otoliths e) spiral organ

a) semicircular canals

The structure attached to the oval window that transmits vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear is the a) stapes b) basilar membrane c) malleus d) incus e) auditory tube

a) stapes

Choose the correct word from each pairing: The lacrimal gland is located (inferior, superior) and (lateral, medial) to the eye. a) superior; lateral b) inferior; lateral c) superior; medial d) inferior; medial

a) superior; lateral

Perception of gravity and linear acceleration depends on a) the force exerted by otoliths on hair cells of the maculae b) the bending of hair cells in the ampullae c) vibrations of the tectorial membrane striking hair cells d) changes in the pressure exerted by the ampullary cupula on hair cells e) the movement of endolymph within the semicircular canals

a) the force exerted by otoliths on hair cells of the maculae

As we age a) the number of taste buds decreases b) taste bud sensitivity increases c) the number of taste buds increases d) taste bud sensitivity doubles e) the number of taste buds decrease but the number of olfactory receptors increases to compensate

a) the number of taste buds decreases

Which of the following is not true regarding image formation? a) to view a distant object the lens will become rounder b) the focal distance must equal the distance between the center of the lens and the retina to form a sharp image c) images arrive at the retina upside down and reversed d) the greatest amount of refraction occurs at the cornea e) a round lens has a short focal distance

a) to view a distant object the lens will become rounder

The external acoustic meatus ends at the a) tympanic membrane b) cochlea c) pinna d) auditory ossicles e) vestibule

a) tympanic membrane

Standing still in an elevator that suddenly lowers will stimulate receptors in the a) utricle and saccule b) basilar membrane c) spiral organ d) bony labyrinth e) semicircular canals

a) utricle and saccule

Light refraction takes place at the a) lens only b) cornea and lens c) cornea and optic disc d) cornea only e) optic disc

b) cornea and lens

Olfactory organs are located in the nasal cavity inferior to the perforated bony structure known as the a) zygomatic process b) cribriform plate c) vomer d) sella turcica e) sphenoid bone

b) cribriform plate

The function of the auditory tube is to a) redistribute endolymph after hearing a sound b) equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane c) help maintain equilibrium d) amplify sounds e) provide a passageway for sound waves to enter the ear

b) equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

An infection that damages the vestibular nerve could result in a loss of a) hearing b) equilibrium c) olfaction d) visual acuity e) hearing and equilibrium

b) equilibrium

The cell of the retina that produces an action potential that goes to the brain is a(n) a) horizontal cell b) ganglion cell c) photoreceptor d) amacraine cell e) bipolar cell

b) ganglion cell

Damage to the insula is most likely to affect which of the following senses? a) hearing b) gustation c) equilibrium d) olfaction e) vision

b) gustation

The sense of taste is also known as a) olfaction b) gustation c) proprioception d) maculation e) sublation

b) gustation

As the stapes vibrates the oval window, pressure waves first begin a) in the perilymph of the scala tympani b) in the perilymph of the scala vestibuli c) in the endolymph of the scala tympani d) in the endolymph of the cochlear duct e) in the endolymph of the scala vestibuli

b) in the perilymph of the scala vestibuli

Destruction to your left glossopharyngeal nerve would result in a) inability to see b) inability to identify sour and bitter foods at the posterior one-third of the tongue c) inability to hear d) inability to sense sweetness at the tip of your tongue e) inability to smell

b) inability to identify sour and bitter foods at the posterior one-third of the tongue

Vertical movement is detected by which structure? a) ampullary crest of the posterior semicircular canal b) macula in the saccule c) ampullary crest of the lateral semicircular canal d) ampullary crest of the anterior semicircular canal e) macula in the utricle

b) macula in the saccule

The space between the iris and the lens is the a) vitreous body b) posterior chamber c) scleral venous sinus d) pupil e) anterior chamber

b) posterior chamber

When light encounters a medium of different density, it is a) absorbed b) refracted c) angled d) diffracted e) reflected

b) refracted

Photoreceptor cells that are most useful in dim light are a) horizontal cells b) rods c) cones d) amacrine cells e) bipolar cells

b) rods

The hair cells of the cochlear duct are located in the a) saccule b) spiral organ c) ampullary crest d) utricle e) ossicles

b) spiral organ

All of the following are true of olfactory pathways except which one? a) the limbic system-olfactory pathway connection means that there are close ties between the experiences and memories with smell b) they project first to the occipital lobes and then to the thalamus c) they reach the forebrain without first synapsing in the thalamus d) information flows to the olfactory cortex, hypothalamus, and limbic system e) neurons from the olfactory epithelium synapse in the olfactory bulb

b) they project first to the occipital lobes and then to the thalamus

Olfactory information is first received by which part of the brain? a) thalamus b) pons c) cerebrum d) cerebellum e) medulla oblongata

c) cerebrum

What structure changes the shape of the lens for far and near vision? a) macula b) extrinsic eye muscles c) ciliary body d) iris e) aqueous humor

c) ciliary body

The shape of the lens is controlled by the a) pupillary radial muscles b) iris c) ciliary muscles d) cornea e) pupillary sphincter muscles

c) ciliary muscles

Which structure of the eye is the most sensitive but contains no blood vessels? a) choroid b) iris c) cornea d) retina e) sclera

c) cornea

Taste buds are clusters of individual a) olfactory receptors b) vallate papillae c) gustatory receptors d) epithelial cells e) gustatory hairs

c) gustatory receptors

The part of the eye that determines eye color is the a) pupil b) conjunctiva c) iris d) scleral venous sinus e) cornea

c) iris

Tears pass through which of the following structures before emptying into the nasal cavity? a) corneoscleral junction b) anterior chamber c) nasolacrimal duct d) posterior chamber e) scleral venous sinus

c) nasolacrimal duct

Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations? a) sour b) umami c) peppery d) sweet e) salty

c) peppery

The taste sensation that is triggered by the amino acid glutamate is known as a) sour b) peppery c) umami d) salty e) sweet

c) umami

________ sensations inform us of the position of the head in space by monitoring gravity, linear acceleration, and rotation. a) proprioceptor b) nociceptor c) vestibular d) olfactory e) gustatory

c) vestibular

A ray of light entering the eye will encounter the following structures in which order? a) cornea--> aqueous humor--> vitreous body--> lens--> conjunctiva--> choroids--> retina b) cornea--> aqueous humor--> conjunctiva--> lens--> vitreous body-->retina--> choroid c) conjunctiva--> cornea--> lens--> aqueous humor--> vitreous body--> retina d) conjunctiva--> cornea--> aqueous humor--> lens--> vitreous body--> retina e) vitreous body--> retina--> choroids--> aqueous humor--> lens--> conjunctiva--> cornea

d) conjunctiva--> cornea--> aqueous humor--> lens--> vitreous body--> retina

All of the following are true of the neural layer of the eye except that it a) contains ganglion cells b) contains the photoreceptor cells c) contains bipolar cells d) consists of dense fibrous connective tissue e) is the innermost layer of the eyeball

d) consists of dense fibrous connective tissue

Pupillary muscle groups are controlled by the ANS. Parasympathetic activation causes pupillary ________, and sympathetic activation causes ________. a) dilation; constriction b) dilation; dilation c) constriction; constriction d) constriction; dilation e) vasoconstriction; vasoconstriction

d) constriction; dilation

During a sinus infection it is difficult to smell because a) basal cell division decreases b) olfactory supporting cells block odorant molecules from reaching the receptors c) olfactory glands stop producing mucus d) excess mucus blocks odorant molecules from reaching the receptors e) the hypothalamus stops responding to olfactory stimulation

d) excess mucus blocks odorant molecules from reaching the receptors

The vitreous body a) holds the retina against the lens for proper refraction b) is replaced at the rate of 20% per year until middle age c) circulates through the pupil d) helps to stabilize the eye and holds the retina up against the eyewall e) fills the anterior chamber

d) helps to stabilize the eye and hold the retina up against the eyewall

Amacrine and ________ cells facilitate or inhibit communication between photoreceptors and ganglion cells. a) bipolar b) ganglion c) hair d) horizontal e) nuclear

d) horizontal

Taste buds on the tongue are often associated with epithelial projections called a) pharyngeal papillae b) ganglion cells c) macula d) lingual papillae e) ampulla

d) lingual papillae

The tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles are found in which anatomical region of the ear? a) external ear b) internal ear c) vestibule of ear d) middle ear e) temporal ear

d) middle ear

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term basilar membrane? a) tiny duct necessary for the static sense of equilibrium b) supports the olfactory organ c) transmits movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear d) moves up and down due to currents in the perilymph e) covers over the oval window

d) moves up and down due to currents in the perilymph

The function of gustatory receptors parallels that of a) mechanoreceptors in the ear b) proprioceptors c) lamellar corpuscles d) olfactory receptors e) photoreceptors in the eye

d) olfactory receptors

Between the bony and membranous labyrinth flows ________, while the membranous labyrinth contains ________. a) perilymph; air b) CSF; perilymph c) endolymph; air d) perilymph; endolymph e) endolymph; perilymph

d) perilymph; endolymph

All of the following are true of the fibrous layer of the eye except that it a) provides mechanical support and some protection for the eye b) consists of the sclera and cornea c) contributes substantial focusing power d) produces aqueous humor e) is where extrinsic eye muscles insert

d) produces aqueous humor

The opening in the iris through which light passes is the a) conjunctiva b) cornea c) anterior chamber d) pupil e) posterior chamber

d) pupil

The cochlear duct lies between which two structures? a) utricle and saccule b) ganglion cells and the cochlear nerve c) vestibule and semicircular canals d) scala vestibuli and scala tympani e) basilar and tectorial membrane

d) scala vestibuli and scala tympani

The olfactory receptors are highly modified a) neuroglial cells b) epithelial cells c) motor neurons d) sensory neurons e) interneurons

d) sensory neurons

Low frequency sounds stimulate hair cells on which part of the basilar membrane? a) area close to the round window b) the middle region c) the entire membrane d) the distal end e) area close to the oval window

d) the distal end

The scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain a different fluid than the cochlear duct. What type of fluid does each chamber contain? a) the scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain aqueous humor; the cochlear duct contains vitreous humor b) the scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain vitreous humor; the cochlear duct contains aqueous humor c) the scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain CSF; the cochlear duct contains otoliths d) the scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain perilymph; the cochlear duct contains endolymph e) the scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain endolymph; the cochlear duct contains perilymph

d) the scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain perilymph, the cochlear duct contains endolymph

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term otoliths? a) seal the oval window b) bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells c) transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear d) tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium e) move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth

d) tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium

The vestibular complex includes the a) auditory ossicles and oval window b) cochlea and tympanic membrane c) vestibule and cochlea d) vestibule and semicircular canals e) cochlea and organ of Corti

d) vestibule and semicircular canals

The following is a list of the steps that occur in the production of an auditory sensation. What is the proper sequence for these steps? 1. The pressure wave distorts the basilar membrane on its way to the round window. 2. Movement of the tympanic membrane causes displacement of the malleus. 3. Displacement of the stereocilia stimulates sensory neurons of the cochlear nerve. 4. Movement of the malleus causes movement of the incus and stapes. 5. Distortion of the basilar membrane forces the hair cells of the spiral organ to vibrate against the tectorial membrane. 6. Movement of the oval window establishes pressure waves in the perilymph of the scala vestibuli. a) 2,1,4,6,5,3 b) 2,5,4,6,1,3 c) 2,4,6,3,5,1 d) 2,4,1,6,5,3 e) 2,4,6,1,5,3

e) 2,4,6,1,5,3

The elevated ridges within the semicircular canals that support the hair cells are known as a) vestibules b) maculae c) otoliths d) canals e) ampullary crests

e) ampullary crests

The ________ is a region of dense bone that surrounds and protects the membranous labyrinth. a) sella turcica b) membranous labyrinth c) auditory canal d) ossicle e) bony labyrinth

e) bony labyrinth

What structure regulates the amount of light that passes to the photoreceptors of the eye? a) lens b) ciliary muscle c) cornea d) vitreous body e) iris

e) iris

Conflicting sensory information from visual and movement signals may cause a) enhanced hearing b) ringing in the ears c) temporary deafness d) difficulty hearing low tones e) motion sickness

e) motion sickness

Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate. They synapse on neurons in the a) medial geniculate b) cerebral cortex c) olfactory tract d) medulla oblongata e) olfactory bulb

e) olfactory bulb

Which structure of the brain does not receive any auditory input? a) medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus b) superior olivary nucleus of the pons c) auditory cortex of the temporal lobe d) inferior colliculi of the midbrain e) pineal gland of the epithalamus

e) pineal gland of the epithalamus

The energy from a pressure wave in the cochlear fluid is released by the bulging and stretching of the a) tectorial membrane b) cochlear duct c) vestibular membrane d) oval window e) round window

e) round window

Gravity and linear acceleration are sensed in the a) scala tympani b) spiral organ c) cochlea d) semicircular canals e) saccule and utricle

e) saccule and utricle

The structure that forms the "roof" of the spiral organ is the a) perilymph b) stapedius c) endolymph d) basilar membrane e) tectorial membrane

e) tectorial membrane

Our inner ear is protected from very loud noises by a) the tensor tympani stiffening the tympanic membrane b) the stapedius reducing movement of the stapes c) contraction of the auditory tube d) cerumen in the auditory canal e) the tensory tympani stiffening the tympanic membrane and the stapedius reducing movement of the stapes

e) the tensory tympani stiffening the tympanic membrane and the stapedius reducing movement of the stapes

Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the a) cochlea b) round window c) auditory ossicles d) oval window e) tympanic membrane

e) tympanic membrane

The ________ convey(s) information about head position with respect to gravity. a) utricle b) ampulla c) cochlea d) saccule e) utricle and the saccule

e) utricle and saccule

The gelatinous material that gives the eyeball its basic shape is the a) aqueous humor b) ora serrata c) posterior cavity d) perilymph e) vitreous humor

e) vitreous humor