Ch 18

Give 3 reasons why the French Catholics accepted the edict?

1. It ended the religious wars; 2. Still declared Catholi cism the official religion of France; 3. It required that the Huguenots support the Catholic Church financially.

What 3 things did the Edict of Nantes allow the Huguenots to do?

1. Limited freedom of worship; 2. right to hold office; 3. Right to rule 200 towns where they were in majority.

Charles V was fighting control for religious control over ____________.

Europe

Who were the two prominent members of the Tudor dynasty?

Henry VIII and his daughter Elizabeth I.

Who became King after Henry IV?

Louis XIII

Who was Cardinal Richelieu?

Louis XIII chief minister and trusted adviser.

As the king's chief minister, _______________ directed foreign policy.

Richelieu

What was Spain's golden age known as from 1550 to 1650?

The Golden Century, of artistic achievement.

What were some achievements of Spain's Golden Century?

1. Art with prominent painters; 2. It produced fine writers who produced works of merit.

How did King Louis XIV become the most powerful ruler in Europe?

1. Built up the military and expanded his French territory. 2. Spent money on good equipment for his new army.

Name 2 ways in which King Louis XIV established absolute monarchy.

1. By smashing the power of the Huguenots once and for all. He revoked, or cancelled the edict and outlawed Protestantism in his realm. 2. He retained absolute power and was in charge of all military, political and economic initiatives.

Name 7 things that King Henry IV was able to achieve by improving France's financial situation.

1. He eliminated France's debt; 2. Built a surplus; 3. Created new industries, 4. drained swamps, 5. built canals and roads, 6. stimulated trade, 7. encouraged agriculture

What were the 3 things that the Treaty of Utrecht state?

1. Louis's grandson get the Spanish throne; 2. France and Spain would never be ruled by the same monarch; 3. Louis had to give up most of the territory that he had taken.

Why did Spain reach the peak of its grandeur during the reign of Phillip II?

1. Prosperity due to the steady stream of gold and silver that flowed from its American colonies.

Louis enlarged his military from 70,000 to more than ______________.

200,000

How many times did Louis XIV take France into war?

4

Who provided advice to young King Louis IV>

A Churchman named, Cardinal Mazarin.

What is a Huguenot?

A French Calvinist Protestant

Who was Domenicos Theotocopoulos?

A Greek prominent painter who became known as El Greco. Much of his work was religious and reflected Spain's central role in the Counter Reformation. His style is famous for elongated human figures.

What is an absolute monarch?

A ruler whose power was not limited by having to consult with the nobles, common people or their representatives.

Who was Miguel de Cervantes?

A writer whose famous was was Don Quixote de la mancha, is about a man who is caught between the medieval and modern worlds.

When did Henry's daughter Mary become queen?

After Henry died

Charles V achieved more success in the ____________ than he did in Europe.

Americas

What did the Palace of Versailles symbolize?

An immense complex of buildings and gardens that was a grand spectacle of kingly power.

Why was crowning Louis XIV the best example of an absolute monarch?

Because he became king after his father, Louis XIII, had died.

What were Charles V territories when he became king of Spain?

Belgium, Netherlands, colonies in the Americas

What was Mary I often called?

Bloody Mary

How did the nobles gain prestige?

By becoming servants in the king's Versailles court.

In France, fighting broke out between what 2 groups?

Catholics and Huguenots

What is divine right?

Concept that the monarchs received their power from God and therefore must not be challenged.

Who was King Phillip II?

Devout christian who saw himself as a leader of the Counter Reformation.

When did Henry VIII and his daughter Elizabeth I rule?

During the time when absolutism was common on the European continent.

Henry IV granted the Huguenots a certain amount of religious toleration in what famous document?

Edict of Nantes

Louis XIV urged the nobles who worked for him to develop what?

Expensive new habits of dressing, dining and gambling.

True or False Charles V vision of a Catholic Europe eventually became reality.

False

True or False: The Edict of Nantes forced the people to follow the monarch's religion

False, it no longer required them to follow monarch's religion. The concept of one king, one law, one religion was no longer in effect.

As a result of England placing curbs on absolute monarchy, what did Henry VIII and his daughter Elizabeth I work with Parliament to do?

Fulfill their goals in England.

Why was Henry of Navarre able to escape death?

He denied his religion

How was Henry VIII able to split with the Roman Catholic Church?

He had Parliament to pass laws ending the power of the pope in England.

What did Louis XIV do to pay for his army supplies?

He had to melt down royal silver to pay for it.

How did Jean Baptiste Colbert saved treasury? There are 4 ways.

He limited imports, increased exports, simplified the tax system and reduced the government's debt.

Why did Charles V give up his throne?

He was frustrated by his failures in Europe—Europe was not united under Catholicism and bankrupt

What was the fate of King Henry IV?

He was stabbed while his carriage was stopped in traffic by a fanatic Catholic.

Who was crowned King of Fance after King Louis XIII died?

His son, Louis XIV

By the 1560's, about one in 10 French men and women were _________

Huguenots

What did the Act of Supremacy law do?

It named the king as the head of the Church of England.

Louis was raised to be _____________.

King

In 1516 who was the teenager who became king of Spain?

King Charles I

Who began a tradition of absolute monarchy in France that would last for more than a century.

King Louis XIV

Why did Louis XIII and Richeliu want to reduce the power of the Huguenots?

Louis XIII was a weak ruler. In order to strengthen the monarchy, they would be required to crush his opponent.

What does rise of the Sun King mean?

Louis XIV was young when he became king. As a child he was taught all the skills that a king would need. He was confident in his ability to rule. When he was 18, he declared he would run the government himself. Louis chose the sun as his personal symbol, implying that the world revolved around him.

Who was Jean Baptiste Colbert?

Minister of Finance during rule of King Louis XIV.

What did Louis XIV build that further declined the status of the nobles?

Palace of Versailles

After years of devastating wars between Catholics and Protestants, Charles V had to sign the ___________________________.

Peace of Augsburg

Soon after the ________________________________ began in Germany, it spread to France.

Protestant Reformation

What was the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre?

Protestant nobles were in Paris for the wedding of Henry of Navarre, a Protestant nobleman, to Marguerite de Valois, a Catholic princess. Queen Catherine de'Medici and the bride's mother ordered the massacre of Protestants.

In spite of Charles efforts, __________________ gained influence, and rebellions against Catholic rulers spread.

Protestants

How was Richelieu able to get the people of La Rochelle about to surrender?

Richelieu's troops taught the Huguenot's a lesson and laid seige to the walled city, cutting off its supplies. They were starving after 14 months and surrendered.

Charles wanted Europe to be __________________.

Roman Catholic

Because King Louis XIII was very young, he depended on his mother to serve as regent. What did his mother do?

She governed in his place.

What was Mary able to briefly do as queen?

She made England Catholic again.

Who was Sister Juana Ines de la Cruz?

She was a Mexican nun who wrote poetry, pose and plays. Church officials criticized her for some of their ideas.

What did the Peace of Augsburg agreement state?

Signed in 1555, it gave each German prince the right to decide whether his state would be Catholic or Protestant.

Spanish explorers claimed much of the Americas for Spain. As a result, what began to flow from the American colonies?

Silver and gold, brought Spain much wealth

Why did Henry VIII create the Protestant Church of England?

So that he could divorce hist first wife.

What was the War of the Spanish Succession?

Spanish King dies without an heir, 3 rulers claimed that they should name the successor. Louis was one of the three rulers who wanted the Spanish throne for his son.

Who was Diego Velazquez?

Spanish painter who created masterpieces that portray people of all social classes with great dignity. He was the court painter.

What did the Catholic French monarchy believe?

That all loyal citizens of France should share un roi, une loi, une foi, one king, one law, one religion.

Why did the Netherlands and Roman Empire go to war against France in 1701?

The European monarchs did not want France and Spain to be closely connected because it could cause economic and political problems for several countries.

Why did the streets of Paris run with blood in 1572?

The queen of France, Catherine de Medici ordered the massacre of Protestants. As a result there was a bloodbath.

When Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes and outlawed Protestantism, how did it cause a financial crisis?

There were over 200,000 Huguenots fled France, including many prosperous skilled and wealthy merchants and artisans.

Why did Louis XIV want to go to war beyond the borders of France?

To reclaim territory that France had lost.

True or False Louis XIV remained in power until his death in 1715 as an absolute monarch.

True

True or False: King Henry XIV subjects were under his direct control because he had absolute power.

True

What was the most costly of France wars?

War of the Spanish Succession

King Charles ruled as an ____________________________.

absolute monarch

In England, what did Parliament place curbs on?

absolute monarchy

What brought Charles V to the brink of bankruptcy?

constant warfare

After Henry converted from a Protestant (Huguenot) to Catholicism, he was __________________ Henry IV

crowned

After many __________, in 1713, Louis accepted the Treaty of Utrecht.

defeats

Absolute monarchs believed that they ruled by _____________________.

divine right

By drawing power to himself and the government, Louis deprived the nobles of _________________.

influence

Louis demanded that he be in charge of all ________________, ______________________ and _________________ iniatives.

military, political, economic

Many _____________ families were Hutuenots.

noble

As the nobles grew ________, they had to depend on the king's generosity just to survive.

poorer

Richelieu and the king saw the nobles as a ______________.

threat

In 1519, the throne of the Holy Roman Empire became _____________.

vacant