Ch 18

Match the names of the bones of the foot (in the left column) with the number of these bones (in the right column).

Phalangeal-14 Metatarsal-5 Tarsal-7

__________is a catchall term that is commonly used to describe pain in the proximal arch and heel.

Plantar fasciitis

Identify a scenario that illustrates a calcaneal stress fracture.

Rex, a marathon runner, sustains a foot injury that fails to appear during X-ray examination, and the pain increases on heel strike in running.

A cause of plantar fasciitis is _____.

wearing shoes with insufficient arch support

Arrange the steps to establish a position of subtalar neutral while looking for structural foot deformity in the correct order of occurrence. (Place the first step at the top.)

1. The patient should be prone with the distal third of the leg hanging off the end of the table 2. A line should be drawn bisecting the leg from the start of the musculotendinous junction of the gastrocnemius to the distal portion of the calcaneus 3. With the patient still prone, the athletic trainer should palpate the talus while the forefoot is inverted and everted 4. One finger should palpate the talus at the anterior aspect of the fibula and another finger at the anterior portion of the medial malleolus 5. The athletic trainer should check if the talus is equally prominent on both sides

Identify a scenario that best illustrates a fracture of the talus.

A baseball player complains of catching and snapping along with intermittent swelling of the right foot

The plantar fascia is a thick, white band of fibrous tissue that originates from the medial tuberosity of the _____.

Calcaneus

Identify the components of the tarsal bone

Calcaneus Talus Cuboid

True or false: The dorsum of the foot is supplied by the dorsal pedal artery and the dorsal metatarsal arteries, which branch from the posterior tibial artery.

False

The metatarsal arch of the human foot stretches from the _____ metatarsal.

First to the Fifth

An exostosis that develops on the posterior aspect of the calcaneus is called a _____.

Haglund's deformity

Identify the symptoms of a sprained toe. (Check all that apply.)

Immediate yet short-lived pain Swelling

What is the role of the first metatarsal bone?

It acts as the weight-bearing support during walking and running

In the context of walking or running, a characteristic of over-pronation is that _____.

It forces the knee joint to absorb more transverse plane rotation motion

Identify a scenario that exemplifies the occurrence of fracture of the phalanges.

Mark accidentally drops a heavy box on his foot while carrying it

A condition in which there is an abnormally short first metatarsal is known as _____.

Morton's toe

The bone present beneath the first metatarsal is the _____.

Sesamoid

Calcaneal apophysitis is also referred to as _____.

Sever's disease

The _____ is located between the bones of the lower leg and the metatarsals.

Tarsal bone

Which test may indicate the presence of metatarsalgia?

The Morton's test

Identify an effect of over-pronation while running.

The cuboid loses much of it mechanical advantage as a pulley

Identify the ligaments of the anterior tarsal joints of the human foot. (Check all that apply.)

The cuneonavicular ligament The intercuneiform ligament

Identify the muscles of the foot that help it to accomplish dorsiflexion. (Check all that apply.)

The extensor digitorum longus muscle The tibialis anterior muscle The peroneus tertius muscle

Identify the primary sources of blood supply to the human foot. (Check all that apply.)

The posterior tibial artery The anterior tibial artery

Identify a true statement about the stance phase of a complete gait cycle in walking.

The stance phase can be broken down into five phases

Calcaneal apophysitis occurs in _____ patients.

Young, physically active

Imran is a sprinter. He complains of sharp pain in the right foot and its inability to bear weight on heel strike while running. Moreover, the pain persists even at rest. Since the X-ray report of the affected foot failed to show any result, a bone scan was suggested to Imran. In this scenario, these are symptoms of _____.

a calcaneal stress fracture

A hyperextension of the great toe results in _____.

a sprain of the metatarsophalangeal joint

A medial aspect of the bony landmark that should be palpated to determine a foot injury is the _____.

calcaneal dome

When a patient suffers from cuboid subluxation, he or she _____.

complains of a midfoot sprain with pain on the dorsum of the foot

Which movement of the foot takes place at the ankle joint?

dorsiflexion

The first step in looking for structural variations of the human foot is to _____.

establish a position of subtalar neutral

A(n) _______ is a benign bony outgrowth or callus that protrudes from the surface of a bone and is usually capped by cartilage.

exostosis

Jane, a soccer player, has sustained multiple injuries in her right foot in the past. She often complains of catching and snapping while using her right foot. Moreover, she notices intermittent swelling in the affected foot. The pain in the foot intensifies on weight bearing. She experiences tenderness on being palpated over the right anterolateral joint line. X-ray report of the injured foot reveals the presence of osteochondral fragments. In this scenario, Jane has _____.

fracture of the talus

The metatarsal arch of the human foot has a _____ appearance.

half-dome

The ideal shoe for a pronated foot is one that _____.

has good rearfoot control

Irwin is an athlete trainer. During a soccer match, a player injures his left ankle while tackling. Irwin attends the player. In this scenario, in order to quickly assess the player's injury, Irwin should _____.

identify the exact spot of pain

An example that illustrates an assessment to determine the type of injury and its history is a trainer _____.

inquiring a patient about the mechanism of the foot injury

The _____ joints of the foot are designed only for flexion and extension.

interphalangeal

The _____ joints of the foot are located at the distal extremities of the proximal and middle phalanges.

interphalangeal

Which of the following is true about Morton's toe?

it can be a benign condition

A characteristic of metatarsal bones is that they _____.

lie between the tarsals and the phalanges

Pain in the ball of the foot is referred to as _____.

metatarsalgia

A Jones fracture is characterized by _____.

pain over the fifth metatarsal

Steve is a soccer player. During a tournament, an opponent player accidentally steps on his left foot while tackling. Immediately, he experiences an intense pain that aggravates when he tries to move his affected toe. Gradually, the affected area swells up and exhibits discoloration. In this scenario, these are symptoms of _____.

phalangeal fracture

Because of its relatively large number of elastic fibers and its primary purpose of providing shock absorption, the _____ of the human foot is commonly called the spring ligament.

plantar calcaneonavicular

A prominent cause of cuboid subluxation is _____.

pronation

A characteristic of Jones fracture is that it _____.

results in a high nonunion rate

A bony, lateral aspect of the foot that should be palpated to determine an injury is the _____.

sinus tarsi

Match the types of shoes (in the left column) to their characteristics (in the right column).

slip-lasted shoe: it is very flexible board-lasted shoe: it provides a firm, inflexible base for the shoe combination-lasted shoe: it provides rearfoot stability with forefoot mobility

A toe injury that is caused most often by kicking some nonyielding object is _____.

sprained toe

A characteristic of the stance phase of a complete gait cycle in walking is that it _____.

starts with initial contact of the heel on the ground

A characteristic of the plantar fascia is that it _____.

supports the foot against downward forces

A great toe hyperextension is also known as a(n)

turf toe