Ch 18 qbank
50) The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is
B) ACTH.
34) Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of
B) ADH.
32) The primary function of ADH is to
B) decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.
96) The suprarenal medulla produces the hormones
B) epinephrine and norepinephrine.
29) If the adenyl cyclase activity of liver cells were missing, which of these hormones could no longer stimulate release of glucose?
B) glucagon
89) The zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex produces
B) glucocorticoids.
71) Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of
B) hypothyroidism.
87) The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that
B) increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.
67) Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone?
B) iodine
68) Which of the following cells are target cells for the hormone that causes a decrease in blood-calcium concentration?
B) osteoclasts
45) Each of the following hormones is produced by the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis, except
B) oxytocin.
62) Identify the hormone labeled "4."
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone
72) The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is
B) thyroxine.
36) Neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture
C) ADH and oxytocin.
51) The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is
C) FSH.
76) Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood.
C) PTH
95) Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of
C) aldosterone.
18) Steroid hormones
C) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.
85) Parathyroid hormone does all of the following, except that it doesn't
C) build up bone.
73) A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is
C) calcitonin.
75) The C cells of the thyroid gland produce
C) calcitonin.
9) Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein
C) calmodulin.
47) Growth hormone does all of the following, except that it
C) causes fat accumulation within adipocytes.
40) Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause
C) gigantism.
77) Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?
C) in the lumen of the thyroid follicle
83) Which of the following is not an action of TSH?
C) inhibits T3 and T4 secretion
90) The zona glomerulosa of the suprarenal cortex produces
C) mineralocorticoids.
30) Increased activity of phosphodiesterase in a target cell would decrease its level of
D) cAMP.
91) The suprarenal medulla produces
D) catecholamines.
63) Identify the hormone labeled "1."
D) corticotropin (ACTH)
92) A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is
D) cortisol.
14) Which of the following substances activates protein kinases and thus acts as a second messenger?
D) cyclic AMP
97) Damage to cells of the zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex would result in
D) decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose.
5) Hormones known as "catecholamines" are
D) derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine.
24) After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,
D) gene transcription is initiated.
94) Cushing disease results from an excess of
D) glucocorticoids.
41) Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?
D) growth hormone
25) The most complex endocrine responses involve the
D) hypothalamus.
70) Thyroid hormone contains the element
D) iodine.
74) The condition known as hirsutism can result from too
D) much androgen production.
66) Identify the hormone labeled "13."
D) oxytocin
86) The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is
D) parathyroid hormone.
48) Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called
D) somatomedins.
16) Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative, except
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone.
64) A deficiency of which hormone can lead to diabetes insipidus?
E) 14
98) A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following, except
E) ACTH levels.
55) The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is
E) ADH.
23) When adenyl cyclase is activated,
E) ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed.
10) Hormones can operate on the ________ level of organization.
E) All of the answers are correct.
20) Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include
E) All of the answers are correct.
21) Hormonal actions on cells include those that affect
E) All of the answers are correct.
26) Hormone release may be controlled by which of the following factors?
E) All of the answers are correct.
37) Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release
E) All of the answers are correct.
38) The hypophyseal portal system
E) All of the answers are correct.
42) Which of the following organs contain target cells for oxytocin?
E) All of the answers are correct.
46) The hormone oxytocin
E) All of the answers are correct.
58) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is secreted by the human pars intermedia
E) All of the answers are correct.
69) Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?
E) All of the answers are correct.
8) An activated G protein can trigger
E) All of the answers are correct.
80) Inadequate iodine in the diet may lead to
E) All of the answers are correct.
33) If the median eminence of the hypothalamus is destroyed, the hypothalamus would no longer be able to control the secretion of which of the following hormones?
E) TSH, ACTH, PRL
93) A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is
E) aldosterone.
99) If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry?
E) both an increase of insulin and an increase in blood glucose
3) ________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.
A) Hormones
49) The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is
A) TSH.
88) The zona reticularis of the suprarenal cortex produces
A) androgens.
15) All of the following are true of steroid hormones, except that they
A) are produced by the suprarenal medulla.
82) The action of thyroid hormone on a target cell involves all these steps except one. Identify the incorrect step.
A) binding to a hormone receptor in the plasma membrane
6) Peptide hormones are
A) composed of amino acids.
12) The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ.
A) endocrine
79) The control of calcitonin excretion is an example of direct ________ regulation.
A) endocrine
The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways.
A) endocrine
28) All target cells
A) have hormone receptors.
39) The main action of antidiuretic hormone is:
A) increased water conservation by kidneys
31) Destruction of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which result?
A) loss of ADH secretion
13) A simple endocrine reflex involves ________ hormone(s).
A) one
61) The hormone that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is
A) oxytocin.
7) A kinase is an enzyme that performs
A) phosphorylation.
57) The term used to describe excess production of urine is
A) polyuria.
60) PRL is to ________ as ACTH is to ________.
A) prolactin; corticotropin
84) Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking?
C) parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone
2) Endocrine cells
C) release their secretions directly into body fluids.
19) When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the
C) second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.
35) The hypothalamus controls secretion by the adenohypophysis by
C) secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.
81) Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the
C) thyroid gland.
65) Identify the hormone labeled "5."
C) thyroxin
59) The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones?
D) 9
56) After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one?
D) ADH
43) The posterior pituitary gland secretes
D) ADH.
100) Too little secretion of cortisol and aldosterone causes
D) Addison disease.
52) The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is
D) LH.
44) The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is
D) MSH.
22) The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually
D) a G protein.
17) Extracellular membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones?
E) catecholamines, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids
1) All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn't
E) function independently of the endocrine system.
27) Which of the following hormones is/are water soluble and therefore bind(s) to extracellular receptors?
E) insulin and epinephrine
53) The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is
E) prolactin.
54) The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is
E) somatotropin.
78) TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones.
E) synthesis and release
4) Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at the same time.
a few