ch 19

Which of the following organs secrete hormones?

1-10

The two hormones released by the neurohypophysis are

ADH and oxytocin

Which of the following cell types produces insulin?

Beta

Damage to the zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex would result in

Decreased ability to synthesize glucose

Hormones can alter cellular operations by changing

E) None of the answers are correct.

Which of the following results from the overproduction of thyroid hormone?

Grave's disease

Subcutaneous swelling, dry skin, hair loss, low body temperature, muscular weakness, and slowed reflexes are symptoms of

None of the answers are correct

Which of the following is (are) unique to the suprarenal medullae?

The systemic effects of the suprarenal medulla are long lasting.

How do the cells of the suprarenal medulla differ from other glandular cells?

They form from modified sympathetic ganglionic neurons

Which of the following describes the function of C cells?

They produce the hormone calcitonin

Diabetes insipidus is caused by

a decrease of ADH

The conditions of polyuria, low blood volume, and high blood potassium concentrations result from the underproduction of

aldosterone

Which of the following is (are) a mineralocorticoid?

aldosterone

The zona reticularis releases very small amounts of

androgens

Another name for the adenohypophysis is

anterior lobe

The chief cells of the parathyroid gland monitor

blood calcium levels

Which hormone decreases the concentration of calcium ions in body fluids?

calcitonin

Amino acid derivative hormones and closely related compounds are structurally similar to individual amino acids, and include

catecholamines and thyroid hormones

A lipid that has been implicated in causing heart and blood vessel problems, but is necessary for the production of corticosteroids, is

cholesterol

Inhibiting hormones (IH) directly cause

decreased secretion from the anterior pituitary

All endocrine structures develop from ________ tissue.

epithelial

A kidney hormone that stimulates red blood cell production by the bone marrow is

erythropoietin

The hormone most important in supporting the maturation of the oocyte and growth of the uterine lining is

estradiol

The main hormone(s) secreted by the female ovaries include

estrogens

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) causes the release of

glucocoritcoids by the suprarenal cortex

The only hormone to target all cells to some degree is

growth hormone (GH)

Negative feedback on a releasing hormone by the presence of a peripheral hormone is an example of which type of endocrine reflex?

hormonal

Changes in the composition of extracellular fluid are called

humoral stimuli

Sustentacular cells, which help support sperm development, release the hormone

inhibin

The testis in the male produces androgens in (the)

interstitial cells.

The lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the

isthmus

The targets for PTH can be found in the

kidneys and the bones

The thyroid gland is located just inferior to the

larynx

Which hormone stimulates ovulation and the secretion of progesterone by ovarian cells?

luteinizing hormone (LH)

The most important hormone produced by the pineal gland is

melatonin

The cells of the endocrine and nervous systems work together to

monitor and adjust physiological activities in the body at any given moment.

Decreased levels of parathyroid hormone could result in

muscle weakness.

Most endocrine reflexes are controlled by

negative feedback.

Gigantism and acromegaly occur as a result of

overproduction of growth hormone.

Stretch of the uterus causes the posterior lobe of the pituitary to release

oxytocin (OT)

About 1 percent of the pancreas is located in structures known as

pancreatic islets.

The hormone that acts to oppose the effects of calcitonin is

parathyroid hormone

The anterior pituitary can be divided into three regions:

pars distalis, pars tuberalis, and pars intermedia

What organ(s) is(are) nervous in structure but endocrine in function?

posterior pituitary

The hypophyseal portal system allows

regulating hormones to go directly from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?

release of oxytocin in response to smooth muscle contraction in the uterus

An enzyme produced by the kidneys that is important for the regulation of blood pressure and blood volume is

renin

ADH is manufactured by the

supraoptic nucleus.

The ________ is firmly attached to the superior border of the kidney.

suprarenal gland

Special neural cells develop into the

suprarenal medulla

Hormones released into the interstitial fluid by the anterior pituitary enter the circulation easily because

the adjacent capillaries are fenestrated to permit passage of large molecules into the circulation

Early menopause in women will occur if

the production of estrogens declines too much to support ovulation.

Which gland stores its hormone extracellularly?

thyroid

Which of the following hormones contains iodine in its structure?

thyroxine

Myxedema and cretinism can result from the underproduction of

thyroxine.

The zona glomerulosa is so named because its glandular cells are arranged as

tight clusters of cells

Over three-quarters of the suprarenal cortex is the

zona fasciculata