CH. 2-3 Human Geography

A boy migrated from Honduras through Guatemala and Mexico, then entered the United States without immigration documents, because members of his ethnic group were being targeted for torture or assassination in his home country. Although the U.S. government does not grant the boy refugee status, his case is an example of international and ________ migration. A) forced B) human rights C) voluntary D) economic E) transitional

A

A permanent move to a new location is A) migration. B) mobility. C) net migration. D) net in-migration. E) net out-migration.

A

A principal pull factor in California in the 1840s was A) a gold rush. B) a war with Mexico. C) a "nitrate rush." D) a "dust bowl." E) the Great Plains.

A

Among the difficulties faced by the Soviet Union's program to attract migrants to its industrial zones was the following: A) Many heavy industries were located in remote northern areas, which experienced harsh winters. B) Migrants didn't move often because of high population growth. C) The program provided no economic incentives. D) The premier of the Soviet Union was criticized for engaging in fraudulent electoral practices, and the resulting lack of trust in the political system has kept workers from migrating. E) Russian speakers were willing to migrate, but speakers of other languages were not.

A

Country A has a crude birth rate of 60 and a crude death rate of 15, while Country B has a CBR of 27 and a CDR of 9. Which country has a higher natural increase rate? A) Country A B) Country B C) The NIR is the same in both countries. D) The rate depends on total population, so it can't be computed from this information. E) The CDR has no direct correlation to the CBR, so it cannot help determine the NIR.

A

Judge which of the following is an historical example of a cultural push factor. A) Many of the first Europeans to settle in Australia migrated as prisoners after being sentenced to "transportation" in the United Kingdom and Ireland. B) The British government allowed most of the population of Montserrat to migrate elsewhere in the 1990s after volcanic eruptions devastated large parts of the island. C) Many European farmers in the late 1800s chose to migrate to North America, as well as to Latin American countries where they felt that political and economic conditions would favor them. D) Changing climates likely encouraged the early migrations of hunter-gatherers. E) The United States actively sought Mexican agricultural laborers during and after World War II.

A

Life expectancy is lowest on average in A) Africa. B) East Asia. C) North America. D) Europe. E) Southeast Asia.

A

Most of the migrants in a country once moved from its eastern provinces to its western provinces, but after economic conditions changed, more people began migrating from rural to urban areas. This can be judged to be an example of a migration ________. A) transition B) chain C) counterurbanization D) economy E) force

A

Some of the highest rates of migration today for Filipinos are to A) countries in southwestern Asia. B) Canada. C) Eastern Europe. D) Russia. E) Mexico and Latin America.

A

The fertility rate based on the number of live births per 1,000 residents is the A) crude birth rate. B) crude fertility rate. C) infant birth rate. D) natural increase rate. E) life expectancy at birth.

A

The largest numbers of Europeans migrated to the United States primarily because of A) decreased economic opportunities at the same time that European countries experienced rapid population growth. B) decreased political stability as European countries were wracked by revolutions. C) religious freedom in the United States, as European countries forbade their citizens to attend most kinds of religious services. D) the great reputation of schools and hospitals in the United States. E) discoveries of gold in California and Alaska in the 1800s.

A

The most important pull factor for migrants to North America today is A) economic. B) environmental. C) forced. D) political. E) geomagnetic.

A

The total number of live births per year per 1,000 people in a society is the A) crude birth rate. B) life data rate. C) natural increase rate. D) total fertility rate. E) new birth rate.

A

The world's annual ________ is currently approximately 1.2 percent, at which rate the world's population is projected to double in about 54 years. A) natural increase rate (NIR) B) life expectancy rate (LER) C) crude birth rate (CBR) D) life increase rate (LIR) E) natural expectancy rate (NER)

A

We can calculate that a country would raise, or increase, its agricultural density if it A) decreased the amount of agricultural land. B) decreased the number of farmers. C) increased the areas of its urban centers. D) increased the size of its population. E) decreased the number of farm animals.

A

When the world's population reached 6 billion in 1995, it was forecast that at a steady rate of growth the population would reach 12 billion in approximately 45 years. That period of 45 years is known as A) doubling time. B) doubling life expectancy. C) double increase rate. D) double overpopulation. E) double demographic transition.

A

Which factor most often causes voluntary migration? A) economic B) environmental C) international D) political E) a regional conflict

A

Which statement most accurately describes the motivations of the historic European and current Latin American immigrants to the United States? A) Both were and are motivated primarily by economic factors. B) Migrants from Europe were fleeing religious persecution while migrants from Latin America are motivated by economic factors. C) Both were and are motivated by a desire to join family members already in the United States. D) Migrants from Europe mostly spoke English while migrants from Latin American mostly speak Spanish. E) Both were and are motivated by famine in their home countries.

A

A country has net in-migration if immigration ________ emigration. A) equals B) exceeds C) is closer to net migration than D) is less than E) varies more than

B

According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in 2010, the largest number of refugees were forced to migrate from ________, which have seen a great deal of armed conflict in recent years. A) Vietnam and Indonesia B) Afghanistan and Iraq C) Sudan, South Africa, and Colombia D) Mexico and Colombia E) Ethiopia, Nicaragua, and Somalia

B

Among the world's countries, the spread between the highest and lowest crude death rates is ________ than the spread between the highest and lowest crude birth rates. A) greater B) less C) the same as D) more related to income E) less dependent on social services

B

An analysis of the chapter's map(s) of refugees suggests that A) most of the world's refugees end up in the United States or the United Kingdom. B) neighboring countries tend to absorb most refugees from war-torn areas. C) there are seldom more than 100,000 refugees at any one time. D) neighboring countries almost never accept refugees from war-torn areas. E) the United States generally accepts fewer refugees than any other country.

B

Analyzing a world map and the population maps in this chapter, you can deduce that the most populous country south of the Philippines is A) Australia. B) Indonesia. C) New Zealand. D) China. E) Malaysia.

B

Analyzing a world map and the population maps in this chapter, you can deduce that the most populous country within 2,000 miles of Australia is A) India. B) Indonesia. C) New Zealand. D) China. E) Malaysia.

B

Approximately 500 babies were born in Country D in 2011, but 35 of them died before reaching their first birthday. These data can be used to report Country D's A) crude death rate. B) infant mortality rate. C) early life expectancy. D) murder rate. E) terminal increase rate.

B

Geographers might characterize as overpopulated a country where A) there are too many people according to a standard economic measure of poverty. B) the population numbers less than one million, but there is concern that the country's natural resources are adequate for only half that number. C) the population numbers more than 100 million and there is concern about the finite limits of natural resources, although the resources available in the country seem adequate to that population. D) the population numbers more than one million, and there is an average distribution of population to resources. E) All of these answer choices are correct.

B

If your ancestors migrated to the United States during the 1840s and 1850s, barring any other evidence, you might strongly suspect that they originated in A) Norway or England. B) Ireland or Germany. C) Italy or Poland. D) Spain or Portugal. E) Russia or Bulgaria.

B

In the United States, which is likely to cause virtually all population growth in the next few decades? A) natural increase rate B) net in-migration C) crude birth rate D) declining death rate E) urban expansions

B

India and the United Kingdom have approximately the same arithmetic density although their landscapes and sizes are quite different. From this we can conclude that the two countries have roughly the same A) level of output per farmer. B) number of people per area of land. C) pressure placed by people on the land to produce food. D) number of farmers per area of land. E) number of people per area of arable land.

B

It may sound strange to hear that the ________ is generally lower for less developed countries than for more developed countries, but the difference is correlated to the average age of each population. A) crude birth rate B) crude death rate C) infant mortality rate D) natural increase rate E) total growth rate

B

Several million Irish migrated in the 1840s primarily because A) the British military forced them to become refugees. B) disastrous economic conditions, exacerbated by British government policies, pushed them out of the country. C) poor environmental conditions, including volcanic eruptions and tsunamis, induced them to migrate. D) they were attracted by the separation of church and state (freedom of religion) in the United States. E) Spanish invasions threatened their homes.

B

The ability to move from one location to another, either temporarily or permanently, is A) migration. B) mobility. C) net migration. D) voluntary migration. E) forced migration.

B

The largest number of legal, documented immigrants to the United States come from what country? A) Cuba B) Mexico C) the Philippines D) South Korea E) Dominican Republic

B

The migration transition model predicts that international migration reaches a peak at ________ of the demographic transition. A) stage 1 B) stage 2 C) stage 3 D) stage 4 E) stage 5

B

Which is a current intraregional migration trend in the United States? A) rural to urban B) urban to suburban C) metropolitan to nonmetropolitan D) net emigration from the northeast E) all of the above

B

Which of the following current migration flows is the least significant in terms of total numbers of people? A) from Asia to Europe B) from Africa to Europe C) from Asia to North America D) between and among Asian countries E) from Latin America to North America

B

A homeless person living in a small town would be ________ to be counted in the U.S. Census than a homeless person living in a large city. A) less likely B) equally (neither more nor less) likely C) more likely D) nearly as likely

C

Among the following world regions, the least densely populated is A) East Asia. B) Southeast Asia. C) Sub-Saharan Africa. D) Europe. E) South Asia.

C

Analyzing the map(s) in this chapter dealing with infant mortality rates, as well as a world map, we can deduce that A) Papua New Guinea has a lower IMR than Indonesia. B) India has a lower IMR than Russia. C) Brazil has a lower IMR than Bolivia. D) Madagascar has a lower IMR than South Africa. E) Chad has a lower IMR than Egypt.

C

Analyzing the maps of crude birth rates and total fertility rates in this chapter, we can surmise that Afghanistan has a higher TFR and CBR than its neighbors in A) South Asia only. B) Southwest Asia only. C) Southwest Asia and South Asia. D) South Asia and Southeast Asia. E) Southeast Asia only.

C

Analyzing the maps of fertility and mortality in this chapter, we see more countries with high birth rates and high rates of infant mortality in A) East Asia, excluding Japan. B) South Asia, excluding Bangladesh. C) Africa south of the Sahara. D) Southeast Asia. E) North America.

C

Analyzing various maps in this chapter along with a world map, we see that Laos has the highest rates of fertility and infant mortality among its neighbors in A) East Asia. B) South Asia. C) Southeast Asia. D) Africa. E) Southwestern Asia.

C

Counterurbanization is A) moving from an urban core to suburban areas. B) due to expanding suburbs. C) migration to rural areas and small towns from central cities or suburbs. D) the trend of the elderly retiring to communities in southern states such as Arizona or Florida. E) the decline of the inner-city infrastructure.

C

If the physiological density in a given country is very high and its arithmetic density is very low, then a country has A) inefficient farmers or farmers that are out of work. B) a large number of farmers, although the number of farmers is not as great as the number of people living in the cities. C) a small percentage of land suitable for agriculture, even if there seems to be plenty of space available to live in. D) too many people for the available resources, particularly in regards to agricultural land. E) too few farmers for the large area of land suitable for agriculture.

C

Most migrants to the United States during the early twentieth century came from which part of Europe? A) central B) north and west C) south and east D) south and west E) north and east

C

Norwegians were most likely to migrate to the United States A) prior to 1840. B) during the 1840s and 1850s. C) during the 1880s and 1890s. D) during the U.S. Civil War. E) between 1900 and 1915.

C

Refugees migrate primarily because of which type of push factor? A) economic B) environmental C) cultural D) circulation E) All of these answer choices are correct.

C

Relatively few people live at ________, but there are significant exceptions, especially in Latin America. A) low elevations B) sea-level C) high elevations D) or near coastlines E) the poles

C

Suburbanization of more developed countries is due to A) expanding urban territory. B) increasing employment opportunities. C) desire to change lifestyle. D) regional development. E) global investment.

C

The United States census is politically important because A) immigrants without proper documentation are tracked and deported by the Census Bureau, which explains immigrants' historically low rates of participation in censuses. B) statistical sampling reveals that homeless people are overcounted, particularly in large cities. C) some legislative seats, including those of the U.S. House of Representatives, are apportioned according to population. D) every vote counts equally in a presidential election. E) the U.S. democratic process is never influenced by corporations and corporate money.

C

The average number of births women bear in their lifetimes is A) total birth rate. B) crude birth rate. C) total fertility rate. D) total increase rate. E) crude fertility rate.

C

The countries depicted as smaller, or more limited in size, on the population cartogram have A) higher levels of wealth and higher populations. B) lower levels of wealth and higher populations. C) lower populations. D) lower populations and lesser land areas. E) lower technical proficiency in cartography and geospatial reasoning.

C

The most popular destination for voluntary migrants from Great Britain has been A) Asia. B) Australia. C) North America. D) South America. E) South Asia.

C

Which one of the following would you judge to be the best example of circulation? A) Visiting a university in a distant state in order to determine whether it best suits your needs as a prospective college student. B) Taking your car to the mechanic because its transmission stopped functioning after six years of use. C) Going to the grocery store once every two or three weeks to stock up on food and supplies. D) Going to a grocery store to buy supplies for your friend's sixteenth birthday party. E) Visiting a famous national park for the first time in your life.

C

Wilbur Zelinsky's model of migration predicted A) women are more likely to migrate than men. B) long migration distances are more likely than short. C) migration characteristics vary with the demographic transition. D) intraregional migration is more important than interregional migration in terms of political and economic resources. E) migrants move most frequently for economic reasons.

C

A country with a large amount of arable land and a small number of farmers will have a A) high physiological density. B) low physiological density. C) high agricultural density. D) low agricultural density. E) low arithmetic density.

D

A decline in a country's crude birth rate would result in an increase in that country's A) total fertility rate. B) life expectancy rate. C) crude death rate. D) doubling time. E) natural increase rate.

D

Analyzing the map(s) of ecumene in this chapter, along with a world map, we can deduce that Peru was intensively settled before A) 5000 BC. B) 1000 BC. C) AD 1500. D) AD 1. E) AD 1900.

D

Analyzing the map(s) of ecumene in this chapter, along with a world map, we can deduce that Turkey was intensively settled by A) 5000 BC. B) AD 50. C) AD 1500. D) AD 1. E) AD 1900.

D

Analyzing the map(s) of ecumene in this chapter, along with a world map, we can deduce that the eastern coast of Australia was intensively settled by A) 5000 BC. B) AD 50. C) AD 1500. D) AD 1900. E) AD 1.

D

Comparing the charts, maps, and other data on the world population growth in this chapter, one can deduce that after the Ice Age, approximately 10,000 years ago Earth's human population A) changed little because of the availability of food from massive land animals. B) began a long period of near stagnation, following a heretofore unprecedented period of rapid growth. C) had not yet appeared on the surface of the planet. D) began to increase at a heretofore unprecedented rate, following millennia of near stagnation. E) increased at unprecedented rates for two centuries, then declined again.

D

From the discussions of demographic changes within the United States we can deduce that the largest level of interregional migration in the United States was caused by the A) arrival of Europeans and their wars with Native Americans beginning in the 1600s. B) unauthorized immigration from Latin America, especially in the 1900s. C) immigration of Asians beginning in the early twentieth century, despite the Chinese Exclusion Acts. D) opening up of the western territories to settlement. E) industrial development in the northeast, particularly at the outset of the Industrial Revolution.

D

Given the data in this chapter about urban and rural population concentrations, we might expect to find a lower proportion of farmers living in which of these areas? A) East Asia B) South Asia C) Southeast Asia D) Southeastern Europe E) Sub-Saharan Africa

D

Most migrants to the United States during the peak of the late nineteenth century came from which parts of Europe? A) central B) south and east C) east and west D) north and west E) north and east

D

Physiological density is the number of A) acres of farmland per the total area of a country. B) farmers per area of farmland. C) people per area of flat land. D) people per area suitable for agriculture. E) farm animals per area suitable for agriculture.

D

The Brazilian government encouraged interregional migration by A) making Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo more attractive. B) dictating optimal locations for factories. C) clearing the rain forest for agricultural activities in the interior. D) moving the capital to Brasilia. E) industrial development on the Atlantic coast.

D

The Earth area of permanent human settlement is called the A) hot zone. B) civilized world. C) geophenom. D) ecumene. E) subpolar region.

D

The Phatak family in India decides to have five children, although India's official approach to demographic growth includes a public relations campaign encouraging smaller families. This illustrates A) that children represent an economic liability to rural families, despite India's policy. B) this family fears that high infant mortality rates are associated with smaller family sizes. C) that the women in this family have little or no power in relation to family planning. D) an example of conflict between individual and government fertility goals. E) the demographic realization that India's population pyramid is skewed because of preference for male children.

D

The U.S. center of population has moved steadily to the A) east. B) north. C) south. D) west. E) center.

D

The most populous country in the Southeast Asia region is A) Bangladesh. B) China. C) India. D) Indonesia. E) Thailand.

D

We can calculate that a country would lower its arithmetic density by A) increasing the amount of agricultural land. B) limiting the number of farmers. C) increasing the areas of its urban centers. D) limiting the size of its population. E) increasing the size of its population.

D

We can calculate that a country would raise, or increase, its physiological density by A) increasing the amount of agricultural land. B) limiting the number of farmers. C) increasing the areas of its urban centers. D) increasing the size of its population. E) limiting the number of farm animals.

D

Which of the following events would be considered a migration pull factor? A) revolutionary takeover of a government B) failed harvest C) flooding of a river D) opening of a new factory E) civil war

D

Land suited for agriculture is called A) population density. B) agricultural density. C) physiological land. D) arid land. E) arable land.

E

Many Argentinians who fled the country in the 1970s, when the country was ruled by a military regime, returned to the country after democratic elections were held in 1983. We might categorize this as an example of A) an economic migration factor changing to an environmental migration factor. B) net migration changing to gross migration. C) forced migration changing to voluntary migration. D) a pull factor changing to a push factor. E) a push factor changing to a pull factor.

E

Recent immigrants to the United States A) are nearly evenly distributed among all states. B) are distributed evenly along the southern U.S. border and the east and west coasts. C) are concentrated in Texas, California, and Illinois and are seldom in other areas. D) have not been attracted to rural and agricultural areas. E) are spread throughout several states according to economic prospects.

E

The greatest total number of foreign-born residents can be found in A) China. B) Australia. C) Germany. D) the United Kingdom. E) the United States.

E

The most prominent type of intraregional migration in the world is A) north to south. B) region to region. C) urban to rural. D) city to city. E) rural to urban.

E

We can hypothesize with some confidence that Costa Rica has a lower crude death rate than the United States because Costa Rica A) has a higher sex ratio. B) has more hospitals per person. C) has a milder climate. D) is in Stage 4 of the demographic transition. E) has a lower percentage of elderly people.

E

Which of the following people would you predict to be most likely to engage in voluntary migration in the near future? A) A teenaged girl whose family's home has just been destroyed by a volcanic eruption, which has also rendered the entire valley uninhabitable. B) A youth whose village has been identified by the central government as harboring and providing material support to an armed rebel group in the midst of a civil war. C) The dictator of a Southwest Asian country who has just 'won' another fraudulent election. D) A youth whose parents have just been murdered because they helped form a labor union in a traditionally exploited province of a developing country. E) A teenaged girl in China whose rural family has enough food to eat but lacks the money to expand the size of their house, and would like to plan to send a younger sibling to college in the future.

E