Ch. 20

Which of the following statements are true concerning the effects of alcohol?

-Alcohol is absorbed directly into the bloodstream, primarily in the small intestines. -The effects of alcohol depend on factors such as stomach contents, body weight, and rate of consumption. -Alcohol response is subject to important gender differences.

Which of the following statements about alcohol are true?

-Alcohol sometimes has stimulant effects. -Alcohol is officially classified as a depressant.

Which of the following are true concerning perceptions about alcohol among college students?

-Most women believe men want them to excessively consume alcohol. -College students drink to try to keep up with the amount they think other students drink. -College students think their peers drink more than they actually do.

Alternatives to 12-step programs for treating alcohol use disorders include

-emphasizing personal behavior control. -cognitive behavioral therapy. -the medication naltrexone.

Which of the following are protective behavioral strategies that can help to keep your BAC at a safe level?

-going to a party later and/or leaving earlier -alternating between alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks -setting a reasonable drink limit that you will not exceed -avoiding high-risk situations, like drinking games

At a BAC of .08 percent,

-night vision is seriously impaired. -people have reached the legal driving limit in most states. -people become overconfident in their driving ability.

People who should not drink alcohol at all include

-people with a family history of alcoholism. -pregnant women. -people under the legal age limit.

How long does it take for a healthy adult to metabolize one standard alcoholic drink?

1 to 2 hours

What percentage of fatal injury traffic accidents involved at least one driver with a BAC of .08 percent or higher?

31 percent

True or false: Confrontational approaches to preventing heavy drinking among college students have proven to be extremely effective.

False Reason: Confrontational and educational approaches have proven less effective than motivational or skills-based approaches in preventing heavy drinking among college students.

True or false: Moderate drinking can safely be incorporated into anyone's healthy lifestyle.

False Reason: Even moderate alcohol consumption may not be safe for some people, i.e., people who are pregnant, psychiatric patients, alcoholics.

True or false: Public policies aimed at decreasing impaired driving have had little impact on alcohol-related traffic fatalities.

False Reason: Policy changes like an increase in drinking age and a decrease in the legal limit for intoxication have led to dramatic decreases in impaired driving over the past 30 years.

True or false: It appears that after experiencing war, soldiers are less likely to participate in risky drinking behaviors.

False Reason: Soldiers may turn to alcohol as a means to cope with the stresses of war or with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.

True or false: A formal intervention is always needed to get someone with an alcohol problem to cut down on their drinking or quit on their own.

False Reason: Some can do it on their own; self-assessment can help you evaluate problem behaviors.

Which of the following best describes the affect of drinking on college grade point average?

It is inversely related to the number of drinks consumed per week.

For the general population, which of the following statements about consuming alcohol is accurate?

It may be beneficial for health in moderate amounts.

________ focus on teaching young people strategies to moderate their consumption or maintain abstinence in the face of social pressure to drink.

Skills-based approaches

Which of the following is TRUE of alcohol usage among college students?

The percentage of students reporting no alcohol use within the past 30 days has increased.

Jane claims that she feels more of an effect after drinking a 1.5 ounce shot of whiskey than after drinking a 12-ounce can of beer. What can account for this?

The whiskey was consumed faster, so it raised Jane's blood alcohol concentration more quickly.

True or false: Despite the potential health benefits of moderate drinking, certain groups of people are better off not drinking at all.

True

True or false: Many people that use a 12-step programs for treatment are turned off by its religious component.

True Reason: Although the 12-step programs work well, many are turned off by the strong religious component.

True or false: One of the best predictors of adolescent alcohol use patterns is the pattern of alcohol use among their close friends.

True Reason: During adolescence, peers take on a powerful role in the development of alcohol problems.

True or false: There are more synonyms for the word drunk than for any other word in the English language.

True Reason: Unfortunately, overconsumption is sometimes seen as a rite of passage in our culture.

Which of the following would be an example of binge drinking?

a man drinking 5 or more alcoholic drinks in a two-hour period

The phenomenon of requiring more and more alcohol over time to achieve the desired effect is known as

alcohol tolerance.

What is considered one of the best predictors of adolescent alcohol use patterns?

alcohol use among close friends

Over the past 12 months, Kai has been drinking larger amounts of alcohol over longer time periods despite persistent attempts at cutting down. His alcohol use has resulted in his inability to show up to class on time, which has negatively affected his grades. Which of the following best describes Kai's pattern of alcohol-use?

alcohol use disorder

Alcohol tolerance and alcohol withdrawal are both keys signs of

alcohol use disorder.

Sweating and tremors that occur when someone has stopped using alcohol after a period of heavy use are symptoms of

alcohol withdrawal.

Permanent scarring of the liver resulting in poor blood flow and a buildup of toxins in the body is known as

alcoholic cirrhosis.

People who begin drinking at an early age

are at increased risk for developing alcohol use disorders.

The likelihood of causing a highway accident begins to increase

at a BAC of .04, or 1 to 2 drinks.

Heavy-episodic drinking, also known as _____ drinking, is common among at-risk drinkers.

binge

Among military personnel

binge-drinking takes place at high rates.

What does BAC stand for?

blood alcohol concentration

Which of the following options for treating alcohol use disorders emphasizes personal control over behavior?

both cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational enhancement

A BAC of .40 percent

can cause coma or death.

Problems experienced by college students who drink alcohol are

directly related to the amount consumed.

The active drug in alcohol is

ethanol

Which category is shown to have the highest proportion of alcohol-related problems?

frequent binge drinkers

Alcohol-related problems among college students were highest among

frequent binge drinkers.

In general, the greatest danger of alcohol use occurs when a person using alcohol

gets behind the wheel of a motor vehicle.

Beer, wine, and whiskey

have similar amounts of alcohol per serving.

In an effort to keep drivers from driving impaired, many states require ________ in the cars of some DUI offenders.

ignition interlock devices

Over the past thirty years, changes such as raising the legal drinking age and lowering the legal BAC limit for drivers have

led to dramatic decreases in impaired driving.

The most well-established health risk that is associated with alcohol consumption is

liver disease.

Which of the following is considered "moderate drinking"?

one or less drink per day for women; two or less drinks per day for men

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of alcohol withdrawal?

relaxation

What approach focuses on teaching young people strategies to moderate their consumption or to maintain abstinence in the face of social pressures to drink?

skills training

When it comes to perceptions about peer drinking, college students

tend to overestimate how much their peers drink.

What would a comparison of a 12-ounce bottle of beer and a 5-ounce glass of wine show?

that they each contain about the same amount of alcohol

If all deaths caused by alcohol are counted, it is the ________ leading health problem and cause of early death in the United States.

third

Which of the following approaches to preventing heavy drinking among college students is the least effective?

those focused on education

The leading cause of death for young Americans is alcohol-related

traffic crashes.

Most treatment centers for alcohol problems

use a 12-step program focusing on abstinence.

In general, when men and women drink the same amount of alcohol over the same amount of time,

women have a higher percentage volume of alcohol in their bloodstream.