ch 20

Which of the following represent the five basic classes of antibodies?

A, D, E, G, M

Patients that have had a mastectomy due to breast cancer often have their axillary lymph nodes and associated lymphatic vessels removed. What side effects should they expect?

Patients will be at a higher risk of infection due to the lack of lymph nodes and possibly suffer from edema in their arms.

Activated B cells differentiate into:

Plasma cells and memory B cells

Which of the following situations would lead to an autoimmune response?

Self antigens not previously encountered by T cells are released.

A patient has a high level of pyrogens, indicating that she:

a fever

Class I MHC molecules __________.

activate cytotoxic T cells

The clumping of cells that are cross-linked by their attachments to antibodies is known as:

aggulation

Your patient has a high fever. What would you conclude is her diagnosis?

all of the above

Madison wants to give a kidney to her older sister. What type of organ transplant will this be?

allograft

What does a fever usually indicate?

an inflammatory response somewhere in the body

Which of the following can act as opsonins on bacteria, thus enhancing phagocytosis?

antibodies and complement proteins

Which of the following is NOT a surface barrier serving as the first line of defense?

antibody

Class II MHC proteins are found on which of the following cell types?

antigen presenting cells

What cells display portions of the pathogens (antigens) they ingest on their plasma membranes?

antigen presenting cells

Which of the following are not proteins of the immune system?

antigens

Lymph traveling from the right arm will be filtered by:

axillary lymph node

Determine the first phase of the antibody-mediated immune response.

b cell clones recognize its specific antigen

Cell-mediated immunity is to T cells as antibody-mediated immunity is to ___________.

b cells

Clonal selection occurs when:

b cells are activated

Elevated levels of neutrophils indicate:

bacterial infection

Which of the following is a non-phagocytic cell?

basophil

Which of the following is not a phagocytic cell of the immune system?

basophils

B cells develop and mature in the:

bone marrow

What makes lymphatic vessels similar to the venous circuit of the cardiovascular system?

both have valves

Which of the following confers passive immunity?

breast milk

A sinus infection would most likely cause swollen:

cervical lymph nodes

Which of the following are TRUE of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules?

class 1 presents endogenous antigens

Which of the innate defense mechanisms can lyse bacteria and mark cells for phagocytosis?

complement proteins

Cancer cells can suppress T cell activity by releasing:

cytokines

During the second stage of the inflammatory response, what do neutrophils accomplish when they migrate to areas of damaged tissue?

destroy bacteria and other cellular debris

What best describes lymphatic capillaries?

extremely permeable

A lack of memory cells mainly affects the primary immune response true or false

false

B cell proliferation occurs when an antigen binds to a B-cell receptor on the surface of a specific B-cell clone true or false

false

Bacterial infections and viral infections progress through an identical sequence of events during the immune response true or false

false

Lymph capillaries form a two-way system that moves lymph to and from the heart true or false

false

What do lacteals, located in the small intestine, collect?

fat

Surface barriers, such as cutaneous and mucous membranes, serve the immune system as the:

first line of defense

What is a function of reticular connective tissue?

form nets to catch the pathogens

Which of the following is not one of the major cell types of lymphoid tissue?

frioblasts

What is the function of the red pulp of the spleen?

house macrophages that destroy old red blood cells

T cells and natural killer (NK) cells are largely involved in scanning the cells in the body for tumor antigens, a function known as:

immune survelliance

During the second phase of the antibody-mediated immune response, what is formed?

immunoglobulins

Which of the following characteristics of adaptive immunity ensures that vaccination effectively prevents disease?

immunological memory

Patients infected with the hepatitis C virus will most likely receive a treatment based on__________.

interferons

Which of the following innate internal defenses work by interfering with viral replication?

interferons

The lymph ducts in the thoracic cavity drain into the:

junction of the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

which of the following is not a type of vaccine

live, virulent vaccine

Fluid found in lymphatic vessels is known as:

lmyph

What are the primary cells of adaptive (specific) immunity?

lymohocytes

Where are pathogens filtered from lymph?

lymph nodes

What vessels pick up excess extracellular fluid in the interstitial space and return it to circulation?

lymphatic

What region of the lymph node contains many mature B cells?

medulla

How do phagocytes recognize foreign cells or bacteria?

molecules on pathogens not normally found on body cells

Cells that help regulate the immune response are:

Helper T cells

What is occurring when an antibody renders bacterial toxins, viral proteins, or animal venom inactive?

neutralization

The primary immune response:

occurs when it is first exposed to an antigen

A patient has been potentially exposed to hepatitis A and is receiving human serum antibodies to prevent infection. This is an example of __________.

passive immunity

What protein, released by cytotoxic T (TC) cells, perforates a target cell's plasma membrane so that enzymes can enter and fragment the target cell's DNA?

perforins

What is the main role of macrophages present in the lymphatic tissues?

phagocytosis

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

phagocytosis

Which of the following secrete antibodies?

plasma cells

The last step of B cell activation is__________.

plasma cells secrete antibodies

Vaccinations involve exposure to an antigen to elicit:

primary immune response

A patient who has hypogammaglobulinemia, a disorder exhibiting a decrease in the secretion of IgG, would experience

prolonged duration and increased the severity of the infections from many different types of pathogens.

Fever is initiated by chemicals called__________.

pyrogens

Which of the following characteristics is associated with innate immunity?

rapid response

Which of the following is not one of the ways antibodies work?

release cytotoxic granules

Which immune response has a shorter lag phase in which more antibody levels peak more rapidly?

secondary immune response

This graph represents __________.

secondary response

Which lymph trunks receive lymph from the upper limbs?

subclavian trunks

A paper cut can allow bacteria to enter your tissue because it disrupts __________.

surface barrier

If the thymus shrank and stopped making hormones in a child, we would expect to see a decrease in the number of:

t cells

The human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects ________ cells.

t helper cells

All of the following are true statements EXCEPT:

that the cells of lymphatic capillaries are tightly joined

Which of the following is NOT a function of macrophages?

that they trigger the release of interferons

Which of the following is NOT a basic function of the lymphatic system?

the regulation of calcium ion concentration in the blood

The major lymphatic vessel that drains the right inferior side of the body is the __________.

thoracic duct

Where do T cells become immunocompetent?

thymus

Which lymphoid organ is required for the selection of a functional population of T lymphocytes (T cells) for the immune system?

thymus

Which organ generates a population of T cells capable of protecting the body from pathogens?

thymus

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Natural Killer (NK) cells?

to recognize abnormal or cancer cells by a specific antigen on their cell membrane

Which of the following functions is not associated with the lymphatic system?

transport of gases

IgM is the first antibody secreted by plasma cells when the body is invaded by a pathogen true or false

true

The framework of the spleen is created by a network of reticular fibers made by reticular cells true or false

true

Vaccinations elicit a primary immune response so that secondary immune responses are rapid and symptoms are mild true or false

true

What part of an antibody is responsible for antigen recognition and binding?

variable regions

Found in secretions such as breast milk and saliva.

IGA

The only antibody not secreted in significant amounts by B cells.

IGD

Binds mast cells and basophils, facilitating inflammation.

IGE

The only antibody that can cross the placenta from mother to fetus.

IGG

Which antibody is the only one capable of crossing the placenta from a pregnant woman to her developing fetus?

IGG

The first antibody secreted upon exposure to an antigen.

IGM

Mrs. Sanchez had a great deal of inflammation after her recent surgery. The inflammation was triggered by the antibody known as:

IgE

Which antibody is NOT secreted by B cells in significant amounts?

ImD

what antibody can cross the placenta

ImG

Lisa was taken to the emergency room with symptoms of a heart attack, but she also has a fever. Does her husband need to be concerned she has an infection instead?

It is possible she has an infection, but the fever may be caused by inflammation of the tissue damaged by the heart attack.

How many antigen-binding sites for antigens does each IgG antibody possess on its V regions?

2

How long after initial tissue damage does leukocytosis occur?

3-4 days

Mae was diagnosed with neutropenia, an insufficient level of neutrophils in the blood. How will her body respond to fighting certain pathogens?

The deficiency of neutrophils will decrease her ability to fight off bacterial infection. Submit

While working construction you are injured and are taken to the emergency room. While there you receive injections of both tetanus antitoxin, which contains antibodies to the tetanus toxin, and tetanus antigens. Which injection provides you with active immunity?

The tetanus antigen stimulates your immune system to produce its own antibodies, and in turn, provides active immunity.