Ch 21: Care of the Normal Newborn

Parents often have questions about pacifiers. Select all the following that is correct information to teach the parents. A. All infants have an urge to suck. B. Pacifiers will cause malocclusion of the teeth only if they are used after the secondary teeth begin to erupt. C. Pacifiers should be replaced every 1 or 2 months. D. Pacifiers can be placed on a string around the infant's neck. E. If the infant uses thumb sucking instead of a pacifier, it will be easier to give up as the child grows.

A. All infants have an urge to suck. B. Pacifiers will cause malocclusion of the teeth only if they are used after the secondary teeth begin to erupt. C. Pacifiers should be replaced every 1 or 2 months.

A newborn has just been circumcised. The nurse's first priority would be to: A. Assess the penis for bleeding. B. Apply a lubricant such as Vaseline or KY jelly to the site at every diaper change. C. Note time of first voiding after the procedure. D. Take the newborn to his mother for comfort and feeding.

A. Assess the penis for bleeding. Rationale: Although options B, C, and D are appropriate actions, observation for bleeding is the priority.

A newborn's mother has tested positive for hepatitis B. When should the newborn receive the hepatitis B vaccine? A. By 2 months B. Within 13 hours C. Within 1 weekD. By 6 months

A. By 2 months Rationale: For infants of hepatitis B-positive mothers, the vaccine is given within 12 hours of birth and then at 1 to 2 months and 6 months. Hepatitis B immune globulin is also given within 12 hours of birth.

When giving an initial bath to a newborn, which of the following techniques are appropriate? (Select all that apply). A. Do not bathe the infant until the newborn's temperature is stable. B. Wash all the vernix and blood off of the skin and hair. C. Gloves should be worn. D. The bath should be performed quickly and the infant dried. E. After the bath, the infant may be wrapped in blankets and placed in an open crib.

A. Do not bathe the infant until the newborn's temperature is stable. C. Gloves should be worn. D. The bath should be performed quickly and the infant dried.

Which of the following are true concerning colic in an infant? (Select all that apply). A. It is characterized by irritable crying for no obvious reason for 3 hours/day or longer. B. It occurs only in formula-fed infants. C. Infants will draw their knees onto the abdomen. D. One cause may be an allergic reaction to the type of formula used.

A. It is characterized by irritable crying for no obvious reason for 3 hours/day or longer. C. Infants will draw their knees onto the abdomen. D. One cause may be an allergic reaction to the type of formula used.

Parent teaching is an important aspect of care of the newborn and family. Which of the following are appropriate teaching techniques during the first 2 days after birth? (Select all that apply). A. Setting priorities B. Giving written material to the family to reinforce learning C. Using audiovisual materials to reinforce learning D. Modeling behavior for the new family E. Teaching as much as possible in one setting to allow more rest time F. Including the father G. Being sensitive to cultural differences

A. Setting priorities B. Giving written material to the family to reinforce learning C. Using audiovisual materials to reinforce learning D. Modeling behavior for the new family F. Including the father G. Being sensitive to cultural differences

Which of the following are appropriate goals for a newborn for the first 2 to 3 days of life? (Select all that apply). A. The infant will maintain a patent airway as evidenced by a respiratory rate within the range of 30 to 60 breaths/min. B. The infant will show no signs of respiratory distress. C. The infant will maintain an axillary temperature between 34.5º and 35.5º C. D. The infant will show no signs of hypoglycemia.

A. The infant will maintain a patent airway as evidenced by a respiratory rate within the range of 30 to 60 breaths/min. B. The infant will show no signs of respiratory distress. D. The infant will show no signs of hypoglycemia.

Techniques the nurse can use to prevent heat loss in a newborn include which of the following? (Select all that apply). A. Turning the radiant warmer on before the infant's birth B. Drying the wet infant quickly C. Covering the infant's head with a cap after placing it under the radiant warmer D. Changing the linens if they become wet with warm dry linens

A. Turning the radiant warmer on before the infant's birth B. Drying the wet infant quickly D. Changing the linens if they become wet with warm dry linens

The new parents of their first child tell the nurse that the crib they will be using is the same crib that the father used as a baby. The nurse should teach them which of the following safety considerations to assess in this older crib? (Select all that apply). A. Crib slats must be no more than 10 cm apart. B. Corner posts should not extend more than 1.5 mm above the end panel. C. The crib mattress should fit snugly, with less than two fingers able to fit into the space between the mattress and sides of the crib. D. Lead-free paint should have been used.

B. Corner posts should not extend more than 1.5 mm above the end panel. C. The crib mattress should fit snugly, with less than two fingers able to fit into the space between the mattress and sides of the crib. D. Lead-free paint should have been used.

A new mother with no hospitalization insurance asks to be discharged with her baby at 24 hours after birth. To assist this new mother best after discharge, the nurse can: A. Allow the mother time to ask all her questions about newborn care just before discharge. B. Plan for a home visit within 48 hours of discharge. C. Give the mother plenty of pamphlets about newborn care before discharge. D. Inform the mother about the dangers of early discharge.

B. Plan for a home visit within 48 hours of discharge. Rationale: Home visits have been found to be a cost-effective way to avoid hospital admissions or emergency department visits. The home visit allows for assessment, intervention, and follow-up teaching. It is important to allow the mother time to ask questions before discharge, but at 24 hours after birth she may not be prepared. Giving the mother pamphlets before discharge is helpful; however, nursing assessments or follow-up teaching will not be done.

On discharge from the birthing center the nurse should assess the type of car seat the new parents are using. For a newborn, the seat should be: A. No car seat is necessary for infants younger than 3 months of age; they can be placed in an adult's lap. B. Rear-facing. C. Front-facing. D. Sitting straight up.

B. Rear-facing. Rationale: Infants who are younger than 1 year old must ride in a rear-facing seat to protect them. Car restraints are required in all 50 states and Canada for all infants and young children. The seat should recline at approximately a 45-degree angle for an infant.

A new mother expresses concern to the nurse that her 8-hour-old newborn has developed some edema in both eyes. The best response would be based on the fact that: A. Birth trauma usually will not develop until a few hours after birth. B. The edema is a sign of eye infections and will need to be investigated. C. The eye medication given at birth may cause a mild inflammation and edema. D. This is a sign of lack of rest for the newborn during the labor process.

C. The eye medication given at birth may cause a mild inflammation and edema. Rationale: Some infants develop a mild inflammation a few hours after prophylactic eye treatment.

When suctioning a newborn, which technique is correct? A. Use of a suction catheter attached to low suction is appropriate for nasal suction. B. The bulb syringe should be used to suction the mouth only. C. The mouth should be suctioned first and then the nose, with the bulb syringe. D. The bulb syringe is placed inside the mouth and then depressed.

C. The mouth should be suctioned first and then the nose, with the bulb syringe. Rationale: The mouth should be suctioned first because the infant may gasp when the nose is suctioned, causing aspiration of mucus or fluid in the mouth. Then gently suction the nose only if necessary. A bulb syringe should be used for infant suctioning unless deeper suctioning is necessary. The bulb syringe should be depressed first and then put inside the mouth.

A crying infant is a major concern for most new parents. The nurse can teach the parents that answering an infant's cry: A. May spoil the infant and the parents need to be cautious. B. Usually means attending to an unanswered need, but until the infant is about 6 months old it is difficult to determine what that need may be. C. Will help the infant develop trust. D. May become frustrating for the parents; they may need to close the door and ignore the infant at times.

C. Will help the infant develop trust. Rationale: Infants express their needs by crying. These needs must be met in a consistent, warm, and prompt manner for the development of trust to occur. Parents should be taught the importance of consistently and quickly answering infant cries.

The nurse should assess all newborns for jaundice every 8 to 12 hours. This is done by: A. Ordering the appropriate blood work. B. Monitoring the color and consistency of the stools. C. Monitoring intake and output. D. Blanching the newborn's skin.

D. Blanching the newborn's skin. Rationale: Assess for jaundice by blanching the infant's skin on the nose or sternum. Blood work is ordered if changes in color are seen.

A newborn has been assessed as high risk for hypoglycemia. The nurse assesses the newborn's blood glucose and it is 38 mg/dL. What should be the nurse's next action? A. Notify the pediatrician. B. Feed the newborn approximately 1 ounce of glucose water. C. Keep the newborn in the nursery and reassess the glucose in 30 minutes. D. Breast-feed or bottle-feed formula to the newborn.

D. Breast-feed or bottle-feed formula to the newborn. Rationale: Glucose water alone is not recommended for newborns because the rapid rise in glucose results in increased insulin production, causing a further drop in blood glucose. Milk provides a longer lasting supply of glucose. Action should be taken prior to notifying the pediatrician or health care provider.

A student nurse is asked to administer vitamin K to a newborn. The student is aware that vitamin K must be administered within 1 hour of birth but is not sure about which route is appropriate. Vitamin K should be given by which route to this newborn? A. Oral B. Subcutaneous C. Intravascular D. Intramuscular

D. Intramuscular Rationale: Oral vitamin K has been used for newborn prophylaxis. It is not recommended at this time because it has not been shown to be as effective as parenteral vitamin K. The appropriate route is intramuscular.

When placing a newborn under a radiant heat warmer to stabilize temperature after birth, the nurse should: A. Place the probe on the left side of the chest. B. Cover the probe with a non-reflective material. C. Re-check the temperature by periodically taking a rectal temperature. D. Pre-warm the radiant heat warmer and place the undressed newborn under it.

D. Pre-warm the radiant heat warmer and place the undressed newborn under it. Rationale: The probe should be placed on the upper abdomen. It should be covered with reflective material. Rectal temperatures should be avoided because rectal thermometers can perforate the intestine.

A birthing center is trying to balance its budget and needs to cut down on certain services they have been providing. One concern of the staff is the follow-up care for new mothers. Which of the following provides follow-up care at the least cost? A. Longer hospital stays for the mother and newborn B. Home visits after discharge C. Return clinic visits D. Telephone counseling services

D. Telephone counseling services Rationale: Telephone calls are much less expensive than home or clinic visits. They can be used for follow-up calls to discharged clients or for parents to call for help with problems or questions. The major disadvantage is that the nurse cannot perform an in-person assessment of the mother, baby, or home environment.

One important and simple measure that can be used to prevent infection in newborns is _____________.

Hand washing

Prickly heat develops in infants who are too warmly dressed in any weather. This is called _____________.

Miliaria

Most infant abductions in a hospital setting occur in the _____________.

Mother's room

Chronic inflammation of the scalp or other areas of the skin characterized by yellow, scaly, oily lesions is called _________________.

Seborrhea dermatitis

Diarrhea stools can be identified by a _____________ in the diaper around the stool.

Water ring

The nurse is evaluating a newborn's circumcision 30 minutes after the procedure. The nurse excessive bleeding coming from the circumcised area. Which priority intervention should the nurse implement at this time? a. Apply pressure to the site. b. Continue to observe for another 30 minutes. c. Apply the diaper tightly over the circumcised area. d. Apply petroleum jelly to the site with a small piece of gauze.

a. Apply pressure to the site.

Infant immunizations should begin at which age? a. Birth b. 2 months c. 3 months d. 4 months

a. Birth

Which newborn assessment finding requires the nurse to take immediate action? a. Glucose level of 40 mg/dL b. Axillary temperature of 37°C (98.6°F) c. Mild yellow tinge to skin at 32 hours of age d. Mild inflammation of conjunctiva after eye prophylaxis

a. Glucose level of 40 mg/dL

The nurse is teaching new parents how to avoid and treat newborn diaper rash. Which should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) a. Keep the diaper area clean and dry. b. Do not use talc-based powders in the diaper area. c. Cleanse the diaper area with a scrubbing motion. d. Apply a thick layer of zinc oxide to prevent further outbreaks. e. Remove the diaper and expose the perineum to warm air if a rash develops.

a. Keep the diaper area clean and dry. b. Do not use talc-based powders in the diaper area. e. Remove the diaper and expose the perineum to warm air if a rash develops.

In which position should the parents be instructed to place their newborn for sleep? a. On the back b. On the left side c. On the right side d. On the abdomen

a. On the back

The nurse is preparing a newborn for a circumcision. Which prescribed interventions should the nurse implement to alleviate pain? (Select all that apply.) a. Oral sucrose during the procedure b. Bright lights after the procedure c. Adequate stimulation before and after the procedure d. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) postprocedure, as needed e. EMLA cream (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) before the procedure

a. Oral sucrose during the procedure b. Bright lights after the procedure d. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) postprocedure, as needed e. EMLA cream (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) before the procedure

A yellow crust has formed over the circumcision site. The mother calls the hotline at the local hospital 5 days after her son was circumcised. She is very concerned. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? a. The yellow crust should not be removed. b. This yellow crust is an early sign of infection. c. Discontinue the use of petroleum jelly to the tip of the penis. d. After circumcision, the diaper should be changed frequently and fastened snugly.

a. The yellow crust should not be removed. b. This yellow crust is an early sign of infection.

Which statement made by a parent indicates a need for the nurse to provide instruction on safety and accident prevention? a. "I always take the phone off the hook when I give my baby a bath so I won't be disturbed." b. "I'm going to buy a backpack for my 2-week-old baby so I can carry her in it whenever she gets fussy." c. "I've been reading about what new things my baby will be learning to do in the month or two, so I'll know what to expect." d. "I make sure I always place the baby in her own crib after feeding her in my bed."

b. "I'm going to buy a backpack for my 2-week-old baby so I can carry her in it whenever she gets fussy."

Administration of medications after birth is the topic of discussion during a prenatal education class. Which statement indicates to the nurse that the pregnant patient understands the primary indication for the administration of vitamin K? a. "The nurse will draw blood to determine if vitamin K is needed." b. "Vitamin K prevents the possibility of bleeding problems in my baby." c. "My baby will receive medication by mouth when the nurse administers the vitamin K." d. "Vitamin K will be administered shortly after birth, generally within the first hour."

b. "Vitamin K prevents the possibility of bleeding problems in my baby."

The nurse has just completed discharge teaching to parents on newborn bathing. Which statement made by the parents indicates a further need for teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. "We will clean the diaper area last." b. "We will use cotton-tipped swabs to clean the ears." c. "We will use an antibacterial soap during the sponge bath." d. "We can submerge the baby in a tub of water after the cord falls off." e. "We will shampoo the baby's head using a football hold before unwrapping."

b. "We will use cotton-tipped swabs to clean the ears." c. "We will use an antibacterial soap during the sponge bath."

A new mother asks what she can do to help her infant sleep through the night. Which should the nurse suggest? a. Bring the infant into a well-lit room for the feeding. b. Avoid talking to the infant and keep the room quiet during night feedings. c. Play with the infant after the feeding before putting the infant back into the crib. d. Change the infant's diaper after the feeding to prevent waking the infant later in the night.

b. Avoid talking to the infant and keep the room quiet during night feedings.

The nurse is teaching new parents strategies to help with newborn colic. Which interventions should the nurse suggest? (Select all that apply.) a. Increase the number of feedings. b. Feed the infant in an upright position. c. Burp the infant frequently during feedings. d. Allow the infant to cry for a period of time. e. Increase carrying time by use of a front carrier pack.

b. Feed the infant in an upright position. c. Burp the infant frequently during feedings. e. Increase carrying time by use of a front carrier pack.

Which of the following guidelines should the nurse implement to prevent the abduction of a newborn from the hospital? a. Restricting the amount of time infants are out of the nursery b. Questioning anyone who is seen walking in the hallways carrying an infant c. Allowing no visitors in the maternity area except those who have identification bracelets d. Instructing the parents not to give the baby to anyone except the nurse assigned that day

b. Questioning anyone who is seen walking in the hallways carrying an infant

Which statement is true regarding growth and development during the first 6 months? a. The infant will grow 1 cm in length per month. b. The infant will gain about 2 lb per month. c. The infant will regain weight lost after birth within 1 week. d. The infant will have a 1-inch increase in head circumference per month.

b. The infant will gain about 2 lb per month.

When an infant's temperature drops from (37 to 36.3°C) 98.7 to 97.4°F, the nurse should: a. instruct parents on the risks of cold stress. b. determine the time and amount of last feeding. c. increase the temperature in the mother's room. d. evaluate infant for the presence of a blood sugar level higher than 50 mg/dL.

b. determine the time and amount of last feeding.

The nurse is calling a new mother to schedule a routine home visit planned for 48 to 72 hours after discharge. What is the nurse's priority question to help determine the best time for the visit? a. "When will the baby's father be home?" b. "Do you plan on having any visitors in the day or two?" c. "At approximately what time do you think you will be nursing your baby?" d. "When will your home be presentable enough for me to come and visit?"

c. "At approximately what time do you think you will be nursing your baby?"

Which statement by a parent suggests that the nurse intervene with further teaching? a. "I put my newborn baby on her back when she goes to sleep. I understand this is the best position." b. "Jennifer's eyes sometimes cross, but I know that this is normal in 1-month-old babies." c. "My 5-month-old infant has been drooling, biting, and running a fever for the past few days. I think he's teething." d. "My neighbor has been giving her baby solids since he was 8 weeks old. I think I'll wait until my baby is about 5 months old."

c. "My 5-month-old infant has been drooling, biting, and running a fever for the past few days. I think he's teething."

The nurse is explaining the procedure of newborn screening to parents prior to discharge. Which statement by the parents indicates a need for further teaching? a. "We understand the tests are performed at 24 to 48 hours." b. "We're glad all the tests can be done on one blood sample." c. "We wish the tests would screen for congenital hypothyroidism, it runs in our family." d. "We know that if the tests are done before 24 hours, the tests will need to be repeated at 1 to 2 weeks."

c. "We wish the tests would screen for congenital hypothyroidism, it runs in our family."

During the first 6 months of life, the infant should have well-baby checkups at which interval? a. 1 to 2 weeks b. 2 to 4 weeks c. 1 to 2 months d. 3 to 4 months

c. 1 to 2 months

Which intervention will be most helpful to parents in identifying problems with an infant car seat? a. Questioning the parents about the instructions b. Providing the parents with current laws on infant and child safety c. Asking the parents to demonstrate how to secure the infant in the car seat d. Allowing the parents to ask questions and express feelings about infant restraint

c. Asking the parents to demonstrate how to secure the infant in the car seat

An hour after birth, the nurse assesses a newborn's temperature and notes that it is 36.2°C (97.2°F). The next activity planned for the newborn is the bath, and the new mother and father are invited to participate in the procedure. What is the nurse's next action? a. Take the infant's temperature rectally. b. Ask the father to test the water to determine if it is too hot. c. Delay the bath until the newborn's temperature is above 36.7°C (98°F). d. Explain to the new parents that no soap should be used to cleanse the eyes.

c. Delay the bath until the newborn's temperature is above 36.7°C (98°F).

A nursing student has been caring for a patient and newborn all morning. After taking the newborn to the nursery for hearing screening, the student is returning the infant to his mother. Which procedure is correct for identifying the newborn? a. Ask the mother to state her name and the name of her infant. b. Call out the mother's full name before leaving the infant with her. c. Have the mother read her printed band number and verify that it matches the infant's number. d. Return the infant with no special procedure because the student knows the mother and infant.

c. Have the mother read her printed band number and verify that it matches the infant's number.

A 38 weeks' gestation fetus is delivered via cesarean birth and transported to the newborn nursery in an isolette. Apgar scores were 8, 9, and 10. At this time, the infant is receiving an initial assessment in the newborn nursery. Which is the priority nursing diagnosis? a. Risk for injury related to potential equipment malfunction of radiant warmer b. Altered tissue perfusion related to use of medications during delivery process c. Ineffective airway clearance due to mode of delivery and use of anesthetics d. Risk for ineffective thermoregulation related to gestational age

c. Ineffective airway clearance due to mode of delivery and use of anesthetics

Which information should the nurse teach to new parents regarding the use of a bulb syringe? a. Use it only once per day. b. Suction the back of the throat vigorously. c. Insert the syringe into the sides of the mouth. d. Always suction the mouth before suctioning the nose.

c. Insert the syringe into the sides of the mouth.

Which intervention should be included in the home care of a high-risk infant? a. Feeding the infant on a strict schedule b. Keeping the infant in the supine or prone position c. Providing continued respiratory support and oxygen d. Cleaning the umbilical cord several times daily with alcohol

c. Providing continued respiratory support and oxygen

Which of the following is the appropriate treatment for miliaria? a. Application of oil b. Removal of wet clothing c. Removal of excess clothing d. Application of soothing lotion

c. Removal of excess clothing

During a prenatal education class regarding infant home care, the nurse is reviewing the simulated setting created by new mothers for putting the baby to bed. Which observation indicates to the nurse that the new mothers understood the nurse's teaching about infant safety? a. The crib is lined with a bumper pad. b. Stuffed animals are placed in the crib. c. The baby mannequin is in the supine position. d. The baby mannequin is covered with a handmade quilt.

c. The baby mannequin is in the supine position.

Parents ask the nurse, "How many wet diapers a day should we expect and how will we know the baby's stools are normal?" Which response should the nurse make if the infant is being formula fed? (Select all that apply.) a. The stools should be watery. b. The stools should be dry and hard. c. The infant should have at least one stool a day. d. The infant should have at least six wet diapers a day. e. The infant will only have a bowel movement every other day.

c. The infant should have at least one stool a day. d. The infant should have at least six wet diapers a day.

A new mother is preparing for discharge from the birthing center and relays to the nurse her concerns about how she will handle the baby's episodes of crying. What is the nurse's best response? a. "I hear your concern. Is there someone in the household who cannot tolerate hearing a baby cry?" b. "It is okay to just let the baby cry from time to time. You don't want to risk spoiling the baby too soon." c. "Infants only cry when they are hungry or if they have gas. If you don't eat any gas-producing food, your baby will cry less." d. "Crying is the way your baby communicates with you. It is important for you to meet your baby's needs consistently and promptly."

d. "Crying is the way your baby communicates with you. It is important for you to meet your baby's needs consistently and promptly."

Which statement made by a new mother should be a cause of concern to the nurse? a. "I will start my baby on solid foods at 5 months." b. "I usually keep the temperature in my house at 22.2°C (72°F)." c. "I plan to position my infant on his back when sleeping." d. "I don't intend to spoil my baby by picking him up every time he cries."

d. "I don't intend to spoil my baby by picking him up every time he cries."

Which statement by the parents indicates the need for further education with regard to pacifier use? a. "We will discard the pacifier if it becomes torn." b. "We will replace the pacifier every 1 to 2 months." c. "We will be sure to cleanse the pacifier frequently." d. "We will keep track of the pacifier by tying it to a string around the baby's neck."

d. "We will keep track of the pacifier by tying it to a string around the baby's neck."

A new mother asks, "Why should I bring my baby in for a checkup? He is not sick." Which is the nurse's best response? a. "Please ask your pediatrician to explain this to you." b. "He may have a problem that you haven't identified." c. "These visits are required by law to identify communicable diseases." d. "Well-baby visits allow the doctor to determine whether your baby is growing and developing normally."

d. "Well-baby visits allow the doctor to determine whether your baby is growing and developing normally."

Which infant should be seen immediately by a health care provider? a. A 1-week-old infant with a diaper rash b. A 1-month-old infant with an axillary temperature of 37.7°C (99.8°F) c. A 3-week-old breast-fed infant who has had two loose stools d. A 2-week-old infant with nasal congestion and respirations of 64 breaths per minute

d. A 2-week-old infant with nasal congestion and respirations of 64 breaths per

Which clinical finding indicates a sign of illness in the newborn? a. A yellow scaly lesion on the scalp b. More than two soft stools per day c. Regurgitating a small amount of feeding d. An axillary temperature greater than 38°C (100.4°F)

d. An axillary temperature greater than 38°C (100.4°F)

An infant who eats very rapidly may experience problems with swallowing excessive air. What should the mother be instructed to do? a. Use a nipple with a smaller hole. b. Place the infant on the abdomen after feeding. c. Provide the infant with water between feedings. d. Begin the feeding before the infant becomes too hungry.

d. Begin the feeding before the infant becomes too hungry.

In providing and teaching cord care, which guidance is most appropriate? a. Cord care is done only to control bleeding. b. Alcohol is the only agent used for cord care. c. It takes a minimum of 24 days for the cord to separate. d. Keeping the cord dry will decrease bacterial growth.

d. Keeping the cord dry will decrease bacterial growth.

An infant's temperature is recorded at 36°C (96.8°F) during the morning assessment. Which action should the nurse take? a. Note the findings in the electronic health record (EHR). b. Unwrap the infant and inspect for abnormalities. c. Provide the infant with glucose water. d. Make sure that the infant is wrapped securely with a blanket and recheck temperature in 15 minutes.

d. Make sure that the infant is wrapped securely with a blanket and recheck temperature in 15 minutes.

Most newborns receive a prophylactic injection of vitamin K soon after birth. Which site is optimal for the newborn? a. Deltoid muscle b. Gluteal muscle c. Rectus femoris muscle d. Vastus lateralis muscle

d. Vastus lateralis muscle

As the nurse assists a newly discharged patient and her infant to the waiting car, the nurse notes that the infant seat is in the front seat of the car facing the front and secured by the seat belt. The nurse should explain to the parents that the car seat should be placed a. in an upright position. b. at a 30-degree angle. c. not secured by the seat belt. d. in the back seat facing the rear

d. in the back seat facing the rear