Ch. 22 - Reproductive Systems

Signs of menopause include

shrinking of the vagina, uterus, and breasts.

Undescended testes cause infertility because

sperm development is impeded by the higher internal body temperature.

Secretes fluid that lubricates end of the penis

bulbourethral gland

A Pap smear is used to detect abnormal cells in the

cervix

The tubular part of the uterus that extends downward into the upper vagina is the

cervix

The female structure that corresponds to the male penis is the

clitoris

Conveys sperm cells to ejaculatory duct

ductus deferens

If no sterile or clean dressings are available, what other materials could I use to cover a bleeding wound

ductus deferens

The structure the sperm enters upon exiting the ductus deferens is the

ejaculatory duct

The inner mucosal layer of the uterine wall is the

endometrium

Conveys sperm cells to ductus deferens

epididymis

The last fluid expelled from the urethra during ejaculation comes from the

seminal vesicles

Produces sperm cells

seminiferous tubules

The tubules are the site of sperm production, a process known as ____. T he stem cells, called ____, contain 46 chromosomes.

spermatogenesis, spermatogonia

Of the various classes of birth control methods, what is the most effective?

surgical intervention

In the wall of these tubules are special cells known as ____ cells that assist the maturing and dividing spermatocytes.

sustentacular

____ secreted by the ovaries, affects cyclical changes in the uterus and mammary glands.

progesterone

Secretes a fluid with an enzyme (PSA) which helps liquefy semen

prostate gland

Which of the following structures is unpaired?

prostate gland

The ____ requires abstinence from sexual intercourse around the time of ovulation.

rhythm method

Encloses, protects, and regulates temperature of testes

scrotum

The egg, or ovum, is more correctly called

secondary oocyte

Secretes an alkaline fluid containing nutrients and prostaglandins

seminal vesicle

Which of the following correctly describes an erection?

Parasympathetic neurons release nitric oxide causing dilation of small arteries in the penis

How do birth control methods that involve the woman receiving a combination of estrogen and progestin (as the "pill" or as patch, ring, or injection) function as birth control?

Preventing development, ovulation, or implantation of an oocyteCorrect

Which of the following terms is INCORRECTLY defined?

Seminiferous tubule—a tube starting after the epididymis which connects the testicle to the ampulla and seminal vesicle

Of the cells undergoing spermatogenesis, which have 46 chromosomes?

Spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes

A diaphragm or a condom used with spermicide are examples of __________ methods of birth control.

barrier

During the female reproductive cycle, what triggers menstruation?

A decrease in blood levels of estrogens and progesterone

Which of the following is not a male secondary sex characteristic?

Deposition of adipose tissue in the thighs and buttock

_____ stimulates the maturation of a follicle; follicular cells produce and secrete estrogens

FSH

The anterior pituitary gland secretes

FSH and LH

Menopause is due to aging of the

ovaries

The hypothalamus releases ______, which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland.

GnRH

____ stimulates certain ovarian cells to secrete estrogen-precursor molecules.

LH

Synapsis occurs during

Prophase I

During the female reproductive cycle, what triggers ovulation?

Surge in blood levels of luteinizing hormone

____ is an object surgically implanted into the uterus that interferes with fertilization and implantation.

The intrauterine device

____ concentration affects other secondary sex characteristics, including skeletal growth and growth of hair.

androgen

The interstitial cells of the testes produce

androgens

A cause of female infertility is failure of ovulation due to hyposecretion of hormones from the

anterior pituitary gland

____ are responsible for the development and maintenance of most of the female secondary sex characteristics.

estrogens

What disease is caused by the human papilloma virus?

genital warts

The zona pellucida consists of

glycoprotein

The gubernaculum guides the testis through the __________ canal

inguinal

Finally, within the testes but not within the tubules are the ____, which will provide sex hormones to regulate these processes.

interstitial cells

Produces and secretes male sex hormones

interstitial cells

At puberty, these cells begin undergoing ____, which is a type of cell division that decreases the number of chromosomes and varies the genes found in the gametes.

meiosis

What period of time is defined by the cessation of the reproductive cycle?

menopause

A condition called __________, in which bacteria spread throughout the reproductive organs, can result from gonorrheal or chlamydial infections

pelvic inflammatory disease

Conveys urine and semen to outside of body

penis

The most commonly used oral contraceptives contain

synthetic estrogen and progesterone

The ____ are the male primary sex organs, or gonads. Anatomically, they are divided into ____, which contain one to four highly convoluted ____ tubules.

testes, lobules, seminiferous

____ is a cup-shaped device that is placed over the cervix, preventing sperm from entering the uterus

the diaphragm

____ is a combined hormone contraceptive that disrupts the normal pattern of FSH and LH.

the pill

In endometriosis

tissue resembling the inner uterine lining grows in the abdominal cavity.

Causes of erectile dysfunction include

underlying disease, such as diabetes mellitus.

In females, which structure is immediately anterior to the vagina?

urethra

____ is a surgical procedure a male undergoes to prevent the passage of sperm from the testes.

vasectomy

A hysterosalpinogram measures or shows

whether or not a uterine tube is open.