Ch. 22 - Reproductive Systems
Signs of menopause include
shrinking of the vagina, uterus, and breasts.
Undescended testes cause infertility because
sperm development is impeded by the higher internal body temperature.
Secretes fluid that lubricates end of the penis
bulbourethral gland
A Pap smear is used to detect abnormal cells in the
cervix
The tubular part of the uterus that extends downward into the upper vagina is the
cervix
The female structure that corresponds to the male penis is the
clitoris
Conveys sperm cells to ejaculatory duct
ductus deferens
If no sterile or clean dressings are available, what other materials could I use to cover a bleeding wound
ductus deferens
The structure the sperm enters upon exiting the ductus deferens is the
ejaculatory duct
The inner mucosal layer of the uterine wall is the
endometrium
Conveys sperm cells to ductus deferens
epididymis
The last fluid expelled from the urethra during ejaculation comes from the
seminal vesicles
Produces sperm cells
seminiferous tubules
The tubules are the site of sperm production, a process known as ____. T he stem cells, called ____, contain 46 chromosomes.
spermatogenesis, spermatogonia
Of the various classes of birth control methods, what is the most effective?
surgical intervention
In the wall of these tubules are special cells known as ____ cells that assist the maturing and dividing spermatocytes.
sustentacular
____ secreted by the ovaries, affects cyclical changes in the uterus and mammary glands.
progesterone
Secretes a fluid with an enzyme (PSA) which helps liquefy semen
prostate gland
Which of the following structures is unpaired?
prostate gland
The ____ requires abstinence from sexual intercourse around the time of ovulation.
rhythm method
Encloses, protects, and regulates temperature of testes
scrotum
The egg, or ovum, is more correctly called
secondary oocyte
Secretes an alkaline fluid containing nutrients and prostaglandins
seminal vesicle
Which of the following correctly describes an erection?
Parasympathetic neurons release nitric oxide causing dilation of small arteries in the penis
How do birth control methods that involve the woman receiving a combination of estrogen and progestin (as the "pill" or as patch, ring, or injection) function as birth control?
Preventing development, ovulation, or implantation of an oocyteCorrect
Which of the following terms is INCORRECTLY defined?
Seminiferous tubule—a tube starting after the epididymis which connects the testicle to the ampulla and seminal vesicle
Of the cells undergoing spermatogenesis, which have 46 chromosomes?
Spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes
A diaphragm or a condom used with spermicide are examples of __________ methods of birth control.
barrier
During the female reproductive cycle, what triggers menstruation?
A decrease in blood levels of estrogens and progesterone
Which of the following is not a male secondary sex characteristic?
Deposition of adipose tissue in the thighs and buttock
_____ stimulates the maturation of a follicle; follicular cells produce and secrete estrogens
FSH
The anterior pituitary gland secretes
FSH and LH
Menopause is due to aging of the
ovaries
The hypothalamus releases ______, which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland.
GnRH
____ stimulates certain ovarian cells to secrete estrogen-precursor molecules.
LH
Synapsis occurs during
Prophase I
During the female reproductive cycle, what triggers ovulation?
Surge in blood levels of luteinizing hormone
____ is an object surgically implanted into the uterus that interferes with fertilization and implantation.
The intrauterine device
____ concentration affects other secondary sex characteristics, including skeletal growth and growth of hair.
androgen
The interstitial cells of the testes produce
androgens
A cause of female infertility is failure of ovulation due to hyposecretion of hormones from the
anterior pituitary gland
____ are responsible for the development and maintenance of most of the female secondary sex characteristics.
estrogens
What disease is caused by the human papilloma virus?
genital warts
The zona pellucida consists of
glycoprotein
The gubernaculum guides the testis through the __________ canal
inguinal
Finally, within the testes but not within the tubules are the ____, which will provide sex hormones to regulate these processes.
interstitial cells
Produces and secretes male sex hormones
interstitial cells
At puberty, these cells begin undergoing ____, which is a type of cell division that decreases the number of chromosomes and varies the genes found in the gametes.
meiosis
What period of time is defined by the cessation of the reproductive cycle?
menopause
A condition called __________, in which bacteria spread throughout the reproductive organs, can result from gonorrheal or chlamydial infections
pelvic inflammatory disease
Conveys urine and semen to outside of body
penis
The most commonly used oral contraceptives contain
synthetic estrogen and progesterone
The ____ are the male primary sex organs, or gonads. Anatomically, they are divided into ____, which contain one to four highly convoluted ____ tubules.
testes, lobules, seminiferous
____ is a cup-shaped device that is placed over the cervix, preventing sperm from entering the uterus
the diaphragm
____ is a combined hormone contraceptive that disrupts the normal pattern of FSH and LH.
the pill
In endometriosis
tissue resembling the inner uterine lining grows in the abdominal cavity.
Causes of erectile dysfunction include
underlying disease, such as diabetes mellitus.
In females, which structure is immediately anterior to the vagina?
urethra
____ is a surgical procedure a male undergoes to prevent the passage of sperm from the testes.
vasectomy
A hysterosalpinogram measures or shows
whether or not a uterine tube is open.
