musculoskeletal function
Electromyography (EMG)
- information about elctrical potential of muscle and nerves -identify extent of nerve damage
Arthrocentesis (joint aspiration) (INFECTION RISK)
-examination of synovial fluid -pain relief -hemarrthrosis (bleeding into cavity)
magnetic resonance imaging
-high-res pic. of bones and soft tissue -visualize and assess towrn mucles, liagments -herniated disk hip/ pelvic coniditons
arthrography
-identify the cause of any unexplained joint pain and progression of joint disease
peripheral neurovascular dysfunction
-pale,cyaotic, mottled color -weakness -paresthesia, unrelenting pain, passive strech, absence of feeling
computed tomography (CT) Scan
-visualize and assess tumors -injury to soft tissues, ligaments... -severe trauma to chest, adb., pelvis, head, s.c -difficult fractures
During a general musculoskeletal assessment, which of the following would help the nurse determine the client's muscle strength?
Applying force to the client's extremity as the client pushes against that force
Which of the following is an indicator of neurovascular compromise?
Capillary refill of more than 3 seconds
Foot drop occurs when there is injury to which of the following areas?
Peroneal
ulnar nerve (peripheral nerve function-movement)
abduct all fingers
nursing intervention after arthroscopy?
apply cold compresses to reduce swelling (under bandages)
when is osteoarthritis pain worst?
as the day progresses
Which medication taken by the client in the previous 24 hours would be of greatest concern to the nurse caring for a client undergoing a bone biopsy?
aspirin
osteogenesis
bone formation
osteoblast
bone forming
osteoclast
bone resorption cell
compartment syndrome
caused by pressure within a muscle area that increase to such an extent that microcirculation diminishes.
kyphosis
curvature of thoracic spine (hunchback)
Lordosis
exaggerated curvature of lumbar spine (swayback)
joint pain
felt around or in the joint worsen with movement
Which of the following is the most common site of joint effusion?
knee
scoliosis
later curving deviation of spine
osteocyte
mature bone cell
osteon
microscopic funcional bone unit
when is tendon pain worst?
morning (eases by midday)
when is rheumatic disorders pain worst?
morning (esp after waking)
tibial nerve (peripheral nerve function-movement)
planter flex toes and feet
what does red bone marrow produce?
platelets, RBC, WBC
tibial nerve (peripheral nerve function-sensation)
prick medial and lat. surface of sole
radial nerve (peripheral nerve function-sensation)
prick skin midway between thumb and second finger
The nurse is preparing the client for computed tomography. Which information should be given by the nurse?
remain still
osteoblast
secrete bone matrix (mostly collagen), in which inorganic minerals are deposited.
paresthesias
sensations of burning, tingling, numbness -caused by pressure on nerve, circ. problems
fracture pain
sharp and pirecing relieved by immobilization
muscular pain
soreness or aching (cramps)
radial nerve (peripheral nerve function-movement)
stretch thumb, wrist, fingers
median nerve (peripheral nerve function-movement)
touch thumb to little finger flex wrist
bone densitometry
used to evaluate mineral denisty
Which of the following assessment findings indicate to the nurse that a client may have peripheral neurovascular dysfunction?
• Absence of feeling • Capillary refill of 4 to 5 seconds • Cool skin • Pain • Weakness in motion
x-ray
determine bone density, texture, erosion, and change in bone
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
determine the extent of bone loss.
biopsy
determine the strucute and composition of bone marrow, bone, muscle, or synovium to help diagnosis a disease
peroneal nerve (peripheral nerve function-movement)
dosiflex foot and extend toes
bone pain
dull, deep ache "boring" in nature
The nurse is assessing the muscle tone of a patient with cerebral palsy. Which of the following descriptions does the nurse determine to be an expected assessment of this patient's muscle tone?
hypertonic
ulnar nerve (peripheral nerve function-sensation)
prick the distal fat pad of small finger
peroneal nerve (Peripheral nerve function-sensation)
prick the skin midway between great and second toe
median nerve (peripheral nerve function-sensation)
prick the top/distal surface of index finger
ossification and calcification
transforms the blast cells into mature bone cells(osteocytes) which are involved in maintaining bone tissue