musculoskeletal function

Electromyography (EMG)

- information about elctrical potential of muscle and nerves -identify extent of nerve damage

Arthrocentesis (joint aspiration) (INFECTION RISK)

-examination of synovial fluid -pain relief -hemarrthrosis (bleeding into cavity)

magnetic resonance imaging

-high-res pic. of bones and soft tissue -visualize and assess towrn mucles, liagments -herniated disk hip/ pelvic coniditons

arthrography

-identify the cause of any unexplained joint pain and progression of joint disease

peripheral neurovascular dysfunction

-pale,cyaotic, mottled color -weakness -paresthesia, unrelenting pain, passive strech, absence of feeling

computed tomography (CT) Scan

-visualize and assess tumors -injury to soft tissues, ligaments... -severe trauma to chest, adb., pelvis, head, s.c -difficult fractures

During a general musculoskeletal assessment, which of the following would help the nurse determine the client's muscle strength?

Applying force to the client's extremity as the client pushes against that force

Which of the following is an indicator of neurovascular compromise?

Capillary refill of more than 3 seconds

Foot drop occurs when there is injury to which of the following areas?

Peroneal

ulnar nerve (peripheral nerve function-movement)

abduct all fingers

nursing intervention after arthroscopy?

apply cold compresses to reduce swelling (under bandages)

when is osteoarthritis pain worst?

as the day progresses

Which medication taken by the client in the previous 24 hours would be of greatest concern to the nurse caring for a client undergoing a bone biopsy?

aspirin

osteogenesis

bone formation

osteoblast

bone forming

osteoclast

bone resorption cell

compartment syndrome

caused by pressure within a muscle area that increase to such an extent that microcirculation diminishes.

kyphosis

curvature of thoracic spine (hunchback)

Lordosis

exaggerated curvature of lumbar spine (swayback)

joint pain

felt around or in the joint worsen with movement

Which of the following is the most common site of joint effusion?

knee

scoliosis

later curving deviation of spine

osteocyte

mature bone cell

osteon

microscopic funcional bone unit

when is tendon pain worst?

morning (eases by midday)

when is rheumatic disorders pain worst?

morning (esp after waking)

tibial nerve (peripheral nerve function-movement)

planter flex toes and feet

what does red bone marrow produce?

platelets, RBC, WBC

tibial nerve (peripheral nerve function-sensation)

prick medial and lat. surface of sole

radial nerve (peripheral nerve function-sensation)

prick skin midway between thumb and second finger

The nurse is preparing the client for computed tomography. Which information should be given by the nurse?

remain still

osteoblast

secrete bone matrix (mostly collagen), in which inorganic minerals are deposited.

paresthesias

sensations of burning, tingling, numbness -caused by pressure on nerve, circ. problems

fracture pain

sharp and pirecing relieved by immobilization

muscular pain

soreness or aching (cramps)

radial nerve (peripheral nerve function-movement)

stretch thumb, wrist, fingers

median nerve (peripheral nerve function-movement)

touch thumb to little finger flex wrist

bone densitometry

used to evaluate mineral denisty

Which of the following assessment findings indicate to the nurse that a client may have peripheral neurovascular dysfunction?

• Absence of feeling • Capillary refill of 4 to 5 seconds • Cool skin • Pain • Weakness in motion

x-ray

determine bone density, texture, erosion, and change in bone

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

determine the extent of bone loss.

biopsy

determine the strucute and composition of bone marrow, bone, muscle, or synovium to help diagnosis a disease

peroneal nerve (peripheral nerve function-movement)

dosiflex foot and extend toes

bone pain

dull, deep ache "boring" in nature

The nurse is assessing the muscle tone of a patient with cerebral palsy. Which of the following descriptions does the nurse determine to be an expected assessment of this patient's muscle tone?

hypertonic

ulnar nerve (peripheral nerve function-sensation)

prick the distal fat pad of small finger

peroneal nerve (Peripheral nerve function-sensation)

prick the skin midway between great and second toe

median nerve (peripheral nerve function-sensation)

prick the top/distal surface of index finger

ossification and calcification

transforms the blast cells into mature bone cells(osteocytes) which are involved in maintaining bone tissue