CH 23 study quiz
A nurse is educating a client on plasma proteins and their chief functions. Four groups of plasma proteins are manufactured in the liver. Based on this information, what are the important functions of albumin? 1. Helps maintain blood pressure 2. Provides immunity against infection and disease 3. Provides thickness to the circulating blood volume 4. Helps with blood clotting Select one: A. 1, 3 B. 1, 2 C. 2, 4 D. 3, 4
Feedback Albumin is the largest group, accounting for 60% to 80% of plasma proteins. Its important function is to provide thickness to the circulating blood volume, thus maintaining osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure draws water from surrounding tissue fluid into capillaries and, thus, maintains fluid volume and blood pressure. Fibrinogen and prothrombin are two other plasma proteins essential for blood clotting. Gamma globulin provides immunity against infection and disease. The correct answer is: 1, 3
The nurse is reviewing with a client cerebral circulation. The client is going to be having brain surgery and knows that circulation to the brain is vital in maintaining life and the ability to function. Based on this information, the nurse reviews the circulation in the brain. Which response by the nurse is best in the identification of which artery connects with the circle of Willis to provide oxygenated blood to the brain? Select one: A. Internal carotid artery B. Common carotid artery C. Left vertebral artery D. Right vertebral artery
Feedback Anteriorly, one branch of the common carotid artery is the internal carotid artery. The internal carotid anastomoses (connects) with the circle of Willis, thus providing oxygenated blood to the brain. Oxygenated blood also arrives at the brain by another route. The right vertebral artery and left vertebral artery branch form the subclavian artery at the posterior aspect of the brain. The correct answer is: Internal carotid artery
A nurse is taking care of a client with abnormal blood cells. The nurse reviews with the client that blood is composed of plasma and formed elements, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. What is the function of red blood cells that the nurse should review with the client? Select one: A. Responsible for carrying oxygen B. Responsible for fighting infection C. Responsible for blood clotting D. Responsible for developing antibodies against antigens
Feedback Erythrocytes, or RBCs, are the most numerous of the blood cells. Each RBC contains hemoglobin, which is responsible for carrying oxygen. WBCs fight infection. Each of the five types (basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte) has different mechanisms for this function. Platelets and numerous clotting factors must react in sequence before blood clotting can occur. Lymph tissues filter blood, destroy pathogens, and develop antibodies against antigens. The correct answer is: Responsible for carrying oxygen
The nurse is reviewing with a group of older adults at the senior citizen center the normal changes in the hematologic and lymphatic systems caused by aging. Which information is important for the nurse to include in the education program about the effects of aging on the hematologic and lymphatic systems? 1. Hematopoiesis may decline because of loss of active bone marrow 2. Number of platelets may slightly increase because fibrogen levels and coagulation factors increase 3. White blood cells production typically decreases with an increased incidence of infection 4. Blood volume is reduced owing to decreased muscle mass and metabolic rate Select one: A. 1, 2 B. 2, 3 C. 1, 4 D. 3, 4
Feedback Hematopoiesis may decline due to loss of active bone marrow. Blood volume is reduced in older adults because of decreased muscle mass and metabolic rate. Number of platelets may slightly decrease, although fibrogen levels and coagulation factors may increase. White blood cell production typically shows no real change. However, age-related changes in organs of the immune system can result in altered antigen-antibody responses and increased incidence of infection. The correct answer is: 1, 4
During a lecture on the lymphatic system, the nurse explains to the student nurses the constituents of lymph and the networking of lymphatic vessels. Based on this information, what is the best answer by the nursing student about the functions of lymph tissues? 1. Filter blood 2. Destroy pathogens 3. Develop antigens against antibodies 4. Stoppage of bleeding Select one: A. 1, 2 B. 1, 3 C. 2, 3 D. 3, 4
Feedback Lymph tissues filter blood, destroy pathogens, and develop antibodies against antigens. Hemostasis refers to the stoppage of bleeding. The correct answer is: 1, 2 This one is a little weird, yeah.
A nurse educator is briefly describing the mechanism of blood clotting to a group of nursing students. After a review of the mechanism of blood clotting, the students have been requested to place the steps in the correct sequence. Which is the correct sequence for the mechanism of blood clotting? 1. Platelets break down and cause the release of thromboplastin, which interacts with certain protein factors and calcium ions to form prothrombin activator. 2. Prothrombin activator reacts with additional calcium ions to convert the plasma protein prothrombin to thrombin. 3. Threads of fibrin form a net to entrap red blood cells and platelets to form a clot, which acts like a plug in a hole and tends to draw injured edges together. 4. Thrombin converts the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen into insoluble threads of fibrin. Select one: A. 2, 1, 3, 4 B. 3, 2, 4, 1 C. 1, 2, 4, 3 D. 4, 1, 2, 3 The correct answer is: 1, 2, 4, 3
Feedback Platelets break down and cause the release of thromboplastin, which interacts with certain protein factors and calcium ions to form prothrombin activator. Prothrombin activator reacts with additional calcium ions to convert the plasma protein prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin converts the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen into insoluble threads of fibrin. Threads of fibrin form a net to entrap red blood cells and platelets to form a clot, which acts like a plug in a hole and tends to draw injured edges together.
During a lecture on the hematologic and lymphatic systems, the nurse explains to the nursing students the principal functions of blood and its homeostatic mechanisms. What does the nurse tell the students are the functions of the hematologic system? 1. Delivery of nutrients and oxygen to cells 2. Transportation of dietary fats 3. Drainage of interstitial fluid 4. Removal of wastes 5. Blood volume regulation Select one: A. 2, 4, 5 B. 2, 3, 4 C. 1, 4, 5 D. 1, 2, 3
Feedback The hematologic system has three general functions: transportation, regulation, and protection. These functions involve delivery of nutrients and oxygen to cells, removal of wastes, blood volume regulation, blood cell and antibody production, and blood coagulation. The lymphatic system transports dietary fats, drains interstitial fluid, and provides immunity to help protect the body from infection. It also recycles and returns excess proteins that may escape from blood vessels to the systemic circulation. The correct answer is: 1, 4, 5
Blood is a versatile vascular fluid. A client is visiting the primary care provider's office and asks the nurse about information about the function and homeostatic mechanisms. What should the nurse tell the client is the primary objective of blood? Select one: A. Maintains homeostasis via its viscosity B. Moves to all body parts C. Maintains a constant environment for the rest of the body's tissues D. Carries dissolved substances
Feedback The primary objective of blood is to maintain a constant environment for the rest of the body's tissues. Blood maintains homeostasis via its viscosity (thickness), its ability to carry dissolved substances, and its ability to move to all body parts. The correct answer is: Maintains a constant environment for the rest of the body's tissues
A nurse is taking care of a client with abnormal blood cells. The nurse reviews with the client that blood is composed of plasma and formed elements, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. What is the function of white blood cells that the nurse should review with the client? Select one: A. Responsible for developing antibodies against antigens B. Responsible for fighting infection C. Responsible for carrying oxygen D. Responsible for blood clotting
Feedback WBCs fight infection. Each of the five types (basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte) has different mechanisms for this function. Erythrocytes, or RBCs, are the most numerous of the blood cells. Each RBC contains hemoglobin, which is responsible for carrying oxygen. Platelets and numerous clotting factors must react in sequence before blood clotting can occur. Lymph tissues filter blood, destroy pathogens, and develop antibodies against antigens. The correct answer is: Responsible for fighting infection
A client is admitted to a healthcare facility with minor lacerations on the leg. The nurse caring for this client observes swelling in the tissues surrounding the affected area. A blood clot is suspected. What is the first step in the formation of a blood clot? Select one: A. The threads of fibrin form a net to entrap red blood cells and platelets. B. Prothrombin activator starts to react with additional calcium ions. C. Thrombin converts the plasma protein fibrinogen into threads. D. Platelets break down and cause the release of thromboplastin.
When tissue is injured, first the platelets break down and cause the release of a chemical thromboplastin, which then interacts with certain protein factors and calcium ions to form prothrombin activator. Prothrombin activator reacting with additional calcium ions, thrombin converting the plasma protein fibrinogen into threads, or the threads of fibrin forming a net to entrap RBCs and platelets are the subsequent stages of blood clotting, not the first step. The correct answer is: Platelets break down and causes the release of thromboplastin
