CH 24

Negatively charged ions such as bicarbonate, chloride, iodide, and nitrate may be absorbed by 1. active transport 2. Passively following sodium ions 3. Passively following water through osmosis

1 & 2

Gastrin 1. Stimulates secretion of large amounts of gastric juice 2. Strengthens contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter 3. Secretion id stimulated by low pH and inhibited by high pH

1&2

Voluntary control of the external anal sphincter can occur because the smooth muscles involved are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.

False

All of the following are considered organs of the GI tract except the

Gallbladder

You absolutely love plain, unsweetened whipped cream and you have eaten a cup of it by itself. Which of the following enzymes would be most useful in digesting this snack?

Gastric lipase

As you smell food, your mouth begins to water ad your stomach rumbles. This signals the beginning of the gastric phase of digestion

False

Bile enters the gallbladder from the liver through the common bile duct and leaves the gallbladder through the cystic duct.

False

Pepsinogen is an active protease in the stomach.

False

Peristalsis in the esophagus is controlled by the myenteric plexus.

False

The incisors, cuspids, premolars, and molars are required for formation of a bolus before swallowing.

False

The parietal peritoneum covers the stomach, but does not cover the kidneys

False

The salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas develop from the midgut.

False

The simple squamous epithelium found in the esophagus allows diffusion and absorption of water.

False

Deglutition describes

The act of swallowing

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

The tongue is considered part of the alimentary canal since it comes into contact with food

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The upper esophageal sphincter contains smooth muscle

The teniae coli are

Thickened portions of the longitudinal muscles of the muscularis

Absorbed nutrients reach the liver via the hepatic portal system.

True

Bile breaks down fats into monoglycerides and fatty acids.

True

Complex carbohydrates undergo chemical digestion in the GI tract, but monosaccharides do not.

True

Secretions from the liver and gallbladder are united in the common bile duct and enter the duodenum through the sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla.

True

Stretching of the GI tract by chyme will activate a GI reflex pathway.

True

The pancreatic acini are small clusters of glandular epithelial cells which comprise the exocrine portion of the pancreas.

True

Most proteins are absorbed as amino acids through _______, while dietary lipids are absorbed through ________

Active transport; simple diffusion

The bacteria in the large intestine

All of these choices are correct

The pharyngeal phase of swallowing

Begins when the bolus enters the oropharynx

The parotid glands are found

Between the skin and the masseter muscle

Which of the following statements is correct?

Both 1 & 2 1. Smooth muscle is found in "A" and "C" 2. Both areolar connective tissue and epithelium may be found in "A" and "D" but not in "B"

In order from the small intestine to the anus, the major regions of the large intestine are

Ceceum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal

The myentric plexus

Controls the contractile strength and frequency of the muscularis

. All of the following may occur in the digestive system as a result of aging EXCEPT

Decreased incidence of appenditis and acute pancreatitis

Sympathetic nerve impulses

Decreases salivation in times of stress

The pharynx is part of both the ____ and the _____ organ systems.

Digestive & respiratory

The mesentery

Extends from the posterior wall to wrap around the small intestine

The structures indicated by "C" are

Hepatic Sinusoids

The gastrocolic reflex

Initiates mass peristalsis

Peristalsis in the small intestine

Is a series of migrating motility complexes

The structure indicated

Joins with the common bile duct

Skeletal muscle is found in the muscularis of the _____, but not in the muscularis of the ______.

Middle portion of the esophagus; small intestine

Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are secreted in the stomach by

Parietal cells

Pancreatic juice does all of the following except

Provide Glucagon

_______ stimulates increased secretion of pancreatic juice that is rich in bicarbonate ions

Secretin

The esophageal epithelium is comprised of ____ while the epithelium of the stomach is comprised of _____.

Stratified squamous epithelium which helps protect against friction; simple columnar epithelium which provides secretion and some protection

Which of the indicated structures contains glands which secrete an alkaline mucus that helps neutralize the acidic chyme?

Structure "A"

The enterogastric reflex

is stimulated by the presence of chyme in the duodenum