CH 24
Negatively charged ions such as bicarbonate, chloride, iodide, and nitrate may be absorbed by 1. active transport 2. Passively following sodium ions 3. Passively following water through osmosis
1 & 2
Gastrin 1. Stimulates secretion of large amounts of gastric juice 2. Strengthens contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter 3. Secretion id stimulated by low pH and inhibited by high pH
1&2
Voluntary control of the external anal sphincter can occur because the smooth muscles involved are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.
False
All of the following are considered organs of the GI tract except the
Gallbladder
You absolutely love plain, unsweetened whipped cream and you have eaten a cup of it by itself. Which of the following enzymes would be most useful in digesting this snack?
Gastric lipase
As you smell food, your mouth begins to water ad your stomach rumbles. This signals the beginning of the gastric phase of digestion
False
Bile enters the gallbladder from the liver through the common bile duct and leaves the gallbladder through the cystic duct.
False
Pepsinogen is an active protease in the stomach.
False
Peristalsis in the esophagus is controlled by the myenteric plexus.
False
The incisors, cuspids, premolars, and molars are required for formation of a bolus before swallowing.
False
The parietal peritoneum covers the stomach, but does not cover the kidneys
False
The salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas develop from the midgut.
False
The simple squamous epithelium found in the esophagus allows diffusion and absorption of water.
False
Deglutition describes
The act of swallowing
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
The tongue is considered part of the alimentary canal since it comes into contact with food
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
The upper esophageal sphincter contains smooth muscle
The teniae coli are
Thickened portions of the longitudinal muscles of the muscularis
Absorbed nutrients reach the liver via the hepatic portal system.
True
Bile breaks down fats into monoglycerides and fatty acids.
True
Complex carbohydrates undergo chemical digestion in the GI tract, but monosaccharides do not.
True
Secretions from the liver and gallbladder are united in the common bile duct and enter the duodenum through the sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla.
True
Stretching of the GI tract by chyme will activate a GI reflex pathway.
True
The pancreatic acini are small clusters of glandular epithelial cells which comprise the exocrine portion of the pancreas.
True
Most proteins are absorbed as amino acids through _______, while dietary lipids are absorbed through ________
Active transport; simple diffusion
The bacteria in the large intestine
All of these choices are correct
The pharyngeal phase of swallowing
Begins when the bolus enters the oropharynx
The parotid glands are found
Between the skin and the masseter muscle
Which of the following statements is correct?
Both 1 & 2 1. Smooth muscle is found in "A" and "C" 2. Both areolar connective tissue and epithelium may be found in "A" and "D" but not in "B"
In order from the small intestine to the anus, the major regions of the large intestine are
Ceceum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal
The myentric plexus
Controls the contractile strength and frequency of the muscularis
. All of the following may occur in the digestive system as a result of aging EXCEPT
Decreased incidence of appenditis and acute pancreatitis
Sympathetic nerve impulses
Decreases salivation in times of stress
The pharynx is part of both the ____ and the _____ organ systems.
Digestive & respiratory
The mesentery
Extends from the posterior wall to wrap around the small intestine
The structures indicated by "C" are
Hepatic Sinusoids
The gastrocolic reflex
Initiates mass peristalsis
Peristalsis in the small intestine
Is a series of migrating motility complexes
The structure indicated
Joins with the common bile duct
Skeletal muscle is found in the muscularis of the _____, but not in the muscularis of the ______.
Middle portion of the esophagus; small intestine
Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are secreted in the stomach by
Parietal cells
Pancreatic juice does all of the following except
Provide Glucagon
_______ stimulates increased secretion of pancreatic juice that is rich in bicarbonate ions
Secretin
The esophageal epithelium is comprised of ____ while the epithelium of the stomach is comprised of _____.
Stratified squamous epithelium which helps protect against friction; simple columnar epithelium which provides secretion and some protection
Which of the indicated structures contains glands which secrete an alkaline mucus that helps neutralize the acidic chyme?
Structure "A"
The enterogastric reflex
is stimulated by the presence of chyme in the duodenum