Ch. 25 Cardiac, Ch. 26 Cardiac, Ch. 27 Cardiac, Ch 28. Cardiac

Which dysrhythmia has an atrial rate between 250 and 400, with saw-toothed P waves? a. Atrial flutter b. Atril fibrillation c. Ventricular fibrillation d. Ventricular tachycardia

A. Atrial flutter

The nurse cares for a client with diabetes who is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. Prior to the procedure, it is most important for the nurse to ask which question? a. "Are you allergic to shellfish?" b. "Are you having chest pain?" c. "When was the last time you ate or drank?" d. "What was your morning blood sugar reading?"

a. "Are you allergic to shellfish?"

A patient with aortic valve endocarditis develops dyspnea, crackles in the lungs, and restlessness. The graduate nurse discusses this development with the nurse preceptor. The preceptor is assured when the graduate nurse states: a. "I anticipated this complication and I will call the doctor right now." b. "I instructed the patient to do coughing and deep breathing and I will reassess in 30 minutes." c. "I told the patient that this is a normal complication and to take deep breaths." d. "I placed the patient in a semi-Fowler's position and made him NPO."

a. "I anticipated this complication and I will call the doctor right now."

A nurse has provided discharge instructions to a client who received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Which statement, made by the client, indicates the need for further teaching? a. "I need to take a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) class now that I have an ICD." b. "I will document the date and time if my ICD fires." c. "I can play golf with my son in about 2 or 3 weeks." d. "I should tell close friends and family members that I have an ICD."

a. "I need to take a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) class now that I have an ICD."

The nurse is caring for a client who is being discharged after insertion of a permanent pacemaker. Which question by the client indicates a need for clarification? a. "I should ask for a handheld device search when I go through airport security." b. "I should avoid large magnetic fields, such as an MRI machine or large motors." c. "I should avoid contact sports." d. "I'll watch the incision for swelling or redness and will report if either occurs."

a. "I should ask for a handheld device search when I go through airport security."

A client recovering from a myocardial infarction asks why he needs to take a stool softener. He says, "I had a heart attack; I don't have a problem with constipation." Which explanation should the nurse use to answer the client's question? a. "If you strain to have a bowel movement, you can cause a drop in your heart rate that can be dangerous." b. "Hospital food causes constipation." c. "Your doctor ordered this stool softener for you." d. "Everyone who has a heart attack takes stool softeners."

a. "If you strain to have a bowel movement, you can cause a drop in your heart rate that can be dangerous."

The nurse receives a telephone call from a client with an implanted pacemaker who reports that his pulse is 68 beats per minute, but his pacemaker rate is set at 72 beats per minute. The best response by the nurse is which of the following? a. "Please come to the clinic right away so that we may interrogate the pacemaker to see if it is malfunctioning." b. "Don't worry. The pacemaker's rate is often higher than the client's actual heart rate." c. "This is okay as long as you are not having any symptoms." d. "Try walking briskly for about 5 minutes to see if that gets your heart rate to increase."

a. "Please come to the clinic right away so that we may interrogate the pacemaker to see if it is malfunctioning."

When providing discharge instructions for a client who has been prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin for angina, the nurse should plan to include which instructions? a. "See if rest relieves the chest pain before using the nitroglycerin." b. "Call 911 if you develop a headache following nitroglycerin use." c. "Place the nitroglycerin tablet between cheek and gum." d. "Only take one nitroglycerin tablet for each episode of angina."

a. "See if rest relieves the chest pain before using the nitroglycerin."

Electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms are printed on graph paper that is divided by light and dark vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals. When the nurse is interpreting the heart rhythm, he or she understands that each large block equals how many seconds? a. 0.2 b. 0.1 c. 0.3 d. 0.4

a. 0.2

A client presents to the emergency department reporting chest pain. Which order should the nurse complete first? a. 12-lead ECG b. 2 L oxygen via nasal cannula c. Troponin level d. Aspirin 325 mg orally

a. 12-lead ECG

the nurse is reviewing the results of a total cholesterol level for a patient who has been taking simvastatin (Zocor). what results display the effectiveness of the medication? a. 160-190mg/dL b. 210-240mg/dL c. 250-275mg/dL d. 280-300mg/dL

a. 160-190mg/dL

a patient asks the nurse how long he will have to wait after taking nitroglycerin before experiencing pain relief. what is the best answer by the nurse? a. 3 mins b. 15 mins c. 30 mins d. 60 mins

a. 3 mins

A patient asks the nurse how long he will have to wait after taking nitroglycerin before experiencing pain relief. What is the best answer by the nurse? a. 3 minutes b. 15 minutes c. 30 minutes d. 60 mintues

a. 3 minutes

Following a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, a client is monitored in the postprocedure unit. The client's heparin infusion was stopped 2 hours earlier. There is no evidence of bleeding or hematoma at the insertion site, and the pressure device is removed. The nurse should plan to remove the femoral sheath when the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is: a. 50 seconds or less b. 75 seconds or less c. 100 seconds or less d. 125 seconds or less

a. 50 seconds or less

Following a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, a client is monitored in the postprocedure unit. The client's heparin infusion was stopped 2 hours earlier. There is no evidence of bleeding or hematoma at the insertion site, and the pressure device is removed. The nurse should plan to remove the femoral sheath when the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is: a. 50 seconds or less. b. 75 seconds or less. c. 100 seconds or less. d. 125 seconds or less.

a. 50 seconds or less.

A nurse is caring for four clients on the cardiac unit. Which client has the greatest risk for contracting infective endocarditis? a. A client 4 days postoperative after mitral valve replacement b. A client with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy c. A client with a history of repaired ventricular septal defect d. A client 1 day post coronary stent placement

a. A client 4 days postoperative after mitral valve replacement

The nurse is assessing a postoperative patient who had a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Which possible complications should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.) a. Abrupt closure of the artery b. Arterial dissection c. Coronary artery vasospasm d. Aortic dissection e. Nerve root pressure

a. Abrupt closure of the artery b. Arterial dissection c. Coronary artery vasospasm

The nurse is preparing to administer warfarin (Coumadin), an oral anticoagulant, to a patient with a mechanical valve replacement. The patient's INR is 2.7. Which action should the nurse take? a. Administer the medication as ordered. b. Prepare to administer Vitamin K. c. Hold the medication and notify the HCP. d. Asses the patient for abnormal bleeding.

a. Administer the medication as ordered.

Which method to induce hemostasis after sheath removal after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is most effective? a. Application of a vascular closure device such as Angio-Seal or VasoSeal b. Direct manual pressure c. Application of a pneumatic compression device (e.g., FemoStop) d. Application of a sandbag to the area

a. Application of a vascular closure device such as Angio-Seal or VasoSeal

The client states, "My doctor says that because I am now taking this water pill, I need to eat more foods that contain potassium. Can you give me some ideas about what foods would be good for this?" The nurse's appropriate response is which of the following? a. Apricots, dried peas and beans, dates b. Asparagus, blueberries, green beans c. Cranberries, apples, popcorn d. Bok choy, cooked leeks, alfalfa sprouts

a. Apricots, dried peas and beans, dates

Electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristics of atrial fibrillation include which of the following? a. Atrial rate of 300 to 400 b. Normal PR interval c. Regular rhythm d. P wave resent before each QRS

a. Atrial rate of 300 to 400

The nurse is providing discharge education for the client going home after a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following would be important information to give this client? a. Avoid tub baths, but shower as desired. b. Do not ambulate until the physician indicates it is appropriate. c. Expect bruising to appear at the site. d. Returning to work immediately is okay.

a. Avoid tub baths, but shower as desired.

The licensed practical nurse is monitoring the waveform pattern on the cardiac monitor ofthe client admitted following a myocardial infarction. The nurse notes that every other beat includes a premature ventricular contraction (PVC). The nurse notes which of the following in the permanent record? a. Bigeminy b. Couplets c. Multifocal PVCs d. R-on-T phenomenon

a. Bigeminy

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with myocarditis. The nurse understands that which of the following is the hallmark of myocarditis? a. Cardiac muscle inflammation b. Chest pain c. Pedicardial friction rub d. Shortness of breath

a. Cardiac muscle inflammation

Which complication of cardiac surgery occurs when fluid and clots accumulate in the pericardial sac, which compresses the heart, preventing blood from filling the ventricles? a. Cardiac tamponade b. Fluid overload c. Hypertension d. Hypothermia

a. Cardiac tamponade

The nurse is taking a health history from a client admitted with the medical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identify which of the following symptoms indicate CVD. a. Chest pain, weight gain, fatigue b. Dizziness, rash, extra-ocular eye movements c. Fatigue, ecchymosis, confusion d. Petechiae, ascites, constipation

a. Chest pain, weight gain, fatigue

The nurse practitioner inspects the patient's skin during a physical examination. She is looking for any abnormalities, especially skin findings associated with cardiovascular disease. The nurse notes a bluish tinge in the buccal mucosa and the tongue. She knows this is probably due to: a. Congenital heart disease. b. Blood leaking outside the blood vessels. c. Intermittent arteriolar vasoconstriction. d. Peripheral vasoconstriction.

a. Congenital heart disease.

You are taking a pre-nursing pharmacology class. Today you are learning about anti-dysrhythmic drugs. What drug is a potassium channel blocker? a. Cordarone b. Lidacaine c. Tambocor d. Isoprel

a. Cordarone

Which medication is indicated for the patient with atrial fibrillation who is at high risk for stroke? a. Coumadin b. Aspirin c. Lovenox d. Plavix

a. Coumadin

A nurse is caring for a client who experienced an MI. The client is ordered to received metoprolol. The nurse understands that this medication has which therapeutic effect? a. Decreases resting heart rate b. Decreases cholesterol level c. Increases cardiac output d. Decreases platelet aggregation

a. Decreases resting heart rate

Which of the following would be an indication for a transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)? a. Determination of atrial thrombi b. Determination of electrical activity of the heart. c. Evaluation of the response of the cardiovascular system to increased oxygen demands. d. Evaluation of myocardial perfusion at rest and after exercise.

a. Determination of atrial thrombi

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with myocarditis. The nurse must be aware that patients with myocarditis are sensitive to which of the following medications? a. Digoxin b. Lasix c. Penicillin d. Corticosteroids

a. Digoxin

The nurse is caring for a geriatric client. The client is ordered Lanoxin (digoxin) tablets 0.125mg daily for a cardiac dysrhythmias. Which of the following assessment considerations is essential when caring for this age-group? a. Digoxin level b. Cardiac output c. Activity level d. Dyspnea

a. Digoxin level

A client is admitted to the hospital with aortic stenosis. Which of the following assessment findings would indicate the development of left ventricular failure? a. Dyspnea, orthopnea, pulmonary edema b. Distended jugular veins, pedal edema, nausea c. Dyspnea, distended jugular veins, orthopnea d. Orthopnea, nausea, pedal edema

a. Dyspnea, orthopnea, pulmonary edema

A patient's gradual decline in activity tolerance and increased shortness of breath have prompted her health care provider to assess the structure and size of her heart. Which of the following diagnostic tests is most likely to yield these assessment data? a. Echocardiography b. Electrocardiography (ECG) c. Cardiac catheterization d. Angiography

a. Echocardiography

Your client has been diagnosed with an atrial dysrhythmia. The client has come to the clinic for a follow-up appointment and to talk with the physician about options to stop this dysrhythmia. What would be a procedure used to treat this client? a. Elective electrical cardioversion b. Chemical cardioversion c. Mace procedure d. Elective electrical defibrillation

a. Elective electrical cardioversion

Which of the following lab values would be seen in the patient diagnosed with infective endocarditis? Select all that apply. a. Elevated white blood cell (WBC) count b. Decreased sedimentation rate c. Decreased C-reactive protein d. Elevated c-reactive protein e. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

a. Elevated white blood cell (WBC) count d. Elevated c-reactive protein e. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

The nurse prepares to auscultate heart sounds. Which nursing interventions would be most effective to assist with this procedure? a. Explain to the client that the nurse will be listening to different areas of the chest and may listen for a long time, but that does not mean that anything abnormal is heard. b. Ask the client to sit on the edge of the bed and hold his breath while the nurse listens. c. Insist that the family members leave the room if they must speak to each other while the nurse is auscultating heart sounds. d. Ask the client to take deep breaths through his mouth while the nurse auscultates heart sounds.

a. Explain to the client that the nurse will be listening to different areas of the chest and may listen for a long time, but that does not mean that anything abnormal is heard.

The nurse is caring for a client who has premature ventricular contractions. What sign or symptom is observed in this client? a. Fluttering b. Nausea c. Hypotension d. Fever

a. Fluttering

A young mother brings her 4-year-old in to the pediatric clinic with a mild fever and a red, spotty rash that is beginning to fade. The child's heart rate is rapid, and the rhythm is abnormal. The mother states the child has been healthy until about 3 weeks ago when the child had a sore throat. The nurse suspects rheumatic carditis. What organism causes rheumatic carditis? a. Group A beta-hemolytic strep b. Staphylococcus aureus c. Streptococcus viridians d. Epstein-Barr virus

a. Group A beta-hemolytic strep

a patient is diagnosed with rheumatic endocarditis. what bacterium is the nurse aware causes this inflammatory response? a. Group A, beta-hemolytic streptococcus b. pseudomonas aeruginosa c. serratia marcescens d. staphyloccus aureus

a. Group A, beta-hemolytic streptococcus

The nurse instructor is teaching a group of nursing students about adventitious heart sounds. The instructor explains that auscultation of the heart requires familiarization with normal and abnormal heart sounds. What would the instructor tell these students a ventricular gallop indicates in an adult? a. Heart failure b. Hypertensive heart disease c. Normal functioning d. Pericarditis

a. Heart failure

A patient is admitted to a hospital to confirm a diagnosis of postural hypotension. The nurse assesses the patient's blood pressure every 4 hours. Which of the following is an indicator of postural hypotension that occurs when the patient moves from a lying to a sitting or standing position? a. Heart rate increased from 85 to 110 bpm. b. Systolic pressure did not change with the change in position. c. Diastolic pressure went from 80 to 110 mm Hg. d. Heart rate decreased from 85 to 75 bpm at the same time that the systolic pressure increased from 120 to 135 mm Hg.

a. Heart rate increased from 85 to 110 bpm.

A client admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU) diagnosed with a STEMI is anxious and fearful. Which medication will the nurse administer to relieve the client's anxiety and decrease cardiac workload? a. IV morphine b. IV nitroglycerin c. Atenolol d. Amlodipine

a. IV morphine

A patient with dilated cardiomyopathy is having frequent episodes of ventricular fibrillation. What choice would be best to sense and terminate these episodes? a. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator b. Pacemake c. Atropine d. Epinephrine

a. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Which of the following would be inconsistent as criterion of extubation in the patient who has undergone a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)? a. Inability to speak. b. Adequate cough and gag reflex. c. Adequate vital capacity. d. Acceptable arterial blood gas (ABG) values.

a. Inability to speak.

Which is the most important postoperative assessment parameter for a client recovering from cardiac surgery? a. Inadequate tissue perfusion b. Mental alertness c. Blood glucose concentration d. Activity intolerance

a. Inadequate tissue perfusion

The nurse is aware that parasympathetic stimulation and certain medications can cause first-degree AV block. Choose the medication that should be evaluated. a. Inderal b. Coumadin c. Indocin d. Celebrex

a. Inderal

A patient has been recently placed on nitroglycerin. Which of the following should be included in the patient teaching plan? a. Instruct the patient on side effects of flushing, throbbing headache, and tachycardia. b. Instruct the patient to renew the nitroglycerin supply every 3 months. c. Instruct the patient not to crush the tablet. d. Instruct the patient to place nitroglycerin tablets in a plastic pill box.

a. Instruct the patient on side effects of flushing, throbbing headache, and tachycardia.

Which postimplantation instruction must a nurse provide to a client with a permanent pacemaker? a. Keep the arm on the side of the pacemaker higher than the head b. Delay activities such as swimming and bowling for at least 3 weeks c. Keep moving the arm on the side where the pacemaker is inserted d. Avoid sources of electrical interference

a. Keep the arm on the side of the pacemaker higher than the head

A patient was diagnosed with mitral regurgitation. The nurse is aware that the patient should be observed for indicators of left- and right-sided heart failure. This understanding is based on the mechanics of cardiac hemodynamics. With mitral regurgitation, due to thickened valve leaflets, blood flows backward from the: a. Left ventricle into the left atrium during systole. b. Left atrium into the pulmonary system. c. Right ventricle into the right atrium. d. Aorta into the left ventricle.

a. Left ventricle into the left atrium during systole.

Incomplete closure of the mitral valve results in backflow of blood from the: a. Left ventricle to left atrium b. Right ventricle to the right atrium c. Right atrium to right ventricle d. Left atrium to left ventricle

a. Left ventricle to left atrium

For patients diagnosed with aortic stenosis, digoxin would be ordered for which of the following clinical manifestations? a. Left ventricular dysfunction b. Angina c. Edema d. Dyspnea

a. Left ventricular dysfunction

Which is the analgesic of choice for acute myocardial infarction (MI)? a. Morphine b. Aspirin c. Meperidine d. Ibuprofen

a. Morphine

A client with infective endocarditis (IE) and a fever is admitted to the intensive care unit. Which of these physician orders should the nurse implement first? a. Order blood cultures drawn from two sites b. Give acetaminophen pro re nata for fever higher than 100.3F c. Administer ceftriaxone 1 g IVPB q 12 hours d. Obtain a transesophageal echocardiogram

a. Order blood cultures drawn from two sites

Which of the following tends to be prolonged on the electrocardiogram (ECG) during a first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block? a. PR interval b. QRS c. T wave d. P wave

a. PR interval

What should be included in the client teaching instructions for client with thrombophlebitis who is being discharged? Select all that apply. a. Perform leg exercises each hour. b. Avoid elevating the affected extremity. c. Ambulate as tolerated. d. Avoid sitting for too long. e. Take anticoagulant therapy when symptoms occur.

a. Perform leg exercises each hour. c. Ambulate as tolerated. d. Avoid sitting for too long.

A healthy 46-year-old woman is seeing her health care provider for her annual physical examination. While the nurse is taking the patient's vital signs, the patient states, "Occasionally, my heart skips a beat. Is this normal?" The nurse explains that this feeling is caused by which of the following? a. Premature atrial complex b. Atrial flutter c. Sinus tachycardia d. Ventricular fibrillation

a. Premature atrial complex

When the nurse observes an electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing on a cardiac monitor with a pattern in lead II and observes a bizarre, abnormal shape to the QRS complex, the nurse has likely observed which of the following ventricular dysrhythmias? a. Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) b. Ventricular bigeminy c. Ventricular tachycardia d. Ventricular fibrillation

a. Premature ventricular contraction (PVC)

A patient with pericarditis is experiencing cardiac tamponade. Which collaborative intervention should the nurse anticipate for this patient? a. Prepare for pericardiocentesis. b. Request STAT cardiac enzymes. c. Perform a 12-lead ECG. d. Assess the patient's heart and lung sounds.

a. Prepare for pericardiocentesis.

A 28-year-old client presents to the emergency department, stating severe restlessness and anxiety. Upon assessment, the client's heart rate is 118 bpm and regular, the client's pupils are dilated, and the client appears excitable. Which action should the nurse take next? a. Question the client about alcohol and illicit drug use. b. Instruct the client to hold the breath and bear down. c. Prepare to administer a calcium channel blocker. d. Place the client on supplemental oxygen.

a. Question the client about alcohol and illicit drug use.

A nursing student is assigned to the medical intensive care unit for the first time. The nurse preceptor asks the student to listen to a water-hammer pulse. The nursing student knows that the sound will resemble which of the following? a. Quick, sharp strokes that suddenly collapse b. Low-pitched diastolic murmur at the apex c. High-pitched blowing sound at the apex d. Mitral click

a. Quick, sharp strokes that suddenly collapse

A nurse is teaching nitroglycerin to a client with hospitalized client with coronary artery disease who is being discharged. The nurse tells the client that nitroglycerin has which of the following actions? Choose all that apply. a. Reduces myocardial oxygen consumption b. Decreases the urge to use tobacco c. Dilates blood vessels d. Decreases ischemia e. Relieves pain

a. Reduces myocardial oxygen consumption c. Dilates blood vessels d. Decreases ischemia e. Relieves pain

Which of the following is an action of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)? a. Reduction of left ventricular afterload b. Reduction of right ventricular afterload c. Reduction of left ventricular preload d. Reduction of right ventricular preload

a. Reduction of left ventricular afterload

Which of the following is the most significant risk factor for mitral stenosis? a. Rheumatic fever b. Infective endocarditis c. Marfan's syndrome d. Dissecting aortic aneurysm

a. Rheumatic fever

The nurse is placing electrodes for a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). The nurse would be correct in placing an electrode on which area for V1? a. Right side of sternum, fourth intercostal space b. Left side of sternum, fourth intercostal space c. Midway between V2 and V4 d. Mid-clavicular line, fifth intercostal space

a. Right side of sternum, fourth intercostal space

The nurse is caring for a client presenting to the emergency department (ED) reporting chest pain. Which electrocardiographic (ECG) finding would be most concerning to the nurse? a. ST elevation b. Isolated premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) c. Sinus tachycardia d. Frequent premature atrial contractions (PACs)

a. ST elevation

The nurse is caring for a client with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Which assessment finding is most likely to indicate a dissection of the aneurysm? a. Severe back pain b. Hematemesis c. Rectal bleeding d. Hypertensive crisis

a. Severe back pain

A nurse is caring for a client with acute mitral regurgitation related to an acute myocardial infarction. The nurse knows to monitor the client carefully for symptoms of which initial complication or result? a. Severe heart failure b. Kidney failure c. Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) d. Infarcted bowel

a. Severe heart failure

Two female nursing assistants approach a nurse on a cardiac step-down unit to report that a client who experienced an acute myocardial infarction made sexual comments to them. How should the nurse intervene? a. The nurse should explain that the client might have concerns about resuming sexual activity but is afraid to ask. b. The nurse should report the incident to her supervisor immediately. c. The nurse should instruct the nursing assistants to avoid answering his call light. d. The nurse should explain that the client most likely wants extra attention.

a. The nurse should explain that the client might have concerns about resuming sexual activity but is afraid to ask.

Which of the following is the most common complication of prosthetic valves? a. Thromboembolism b. Hemolysis c. Infection d. Arrhythmias

a. Thromboembolism

You are discussing complications of a pacemaker with a group of nursing students. One of the students asks about complications associated with use of a cardiac pacemaker. Which of the following items are considered complications of a pacemaker? Choose all that apply. a. Twiddler syndrome b. Hiccuping c. Positive Kernig's d. Local infection e. Negative Babinski

a. Twiddler syndrome b. Hiccuping d. Local infection

Which electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristic is usually seen when a client's serum potassium level is low? a. U wave b. T wave c. P wave d. QT interval

a. U wave

The cardiologist has scheduled a client for drug-induced stress testing. What instructions should the nurse provide to prepare the client for this test? a. You will receive medication via IV administration. b. You will need to wear comfortable shoes to the test. c. You will begin exercising at a slow speed. d. You may experience an onset of dizziness during the test.

a. You will receive medication via IV administration.

the nurse is assessing a patient who complains of feeling "light-headed". when obtaining orthostatic vital signs, what does the nurse determine is a significant finding? a. a heart rate of 20 bpm above the resting rate b. an unchanged systolic pressure c. an increase of 10mmHg blood pressure reading d. an increase of 5mmHg in diastolic pressure

a. a heart rate of 20 bpm above the resting rate

An obese white male client, age 49, is diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. The physician orders a low-fat, low-cholesterol, low-calorie diet to reduce blood lipid levels and promote weight loss. This diet is crucial to the client's well-being because his race, sex, and age increase his risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). To determine whether the client has other major risk factors for CAD, the nurse should assess for: a. a history of diabetes mellitus b. elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels c. a history of ischemic heart disease d. alcoholism

a. a history of diabetes mellitus

A client reports pain and cramping in the thigh when climbing stairs and numbness in the legs after exertion. Which diagnostic test with the physician likely perform right in the office to determine PAD? a. ankle-brachial index b. exercise electrocardiography c. electron beam computed tomography d. photoplethysmography

a. ankle-brachial index

A client with a myocardial infarction (MI) develops pulmonary crackles and dyspnea. A chest X-ray shows evidence of pulmonary edema. The specific type of MI the client had is most probably: a. anterior. b. posterior. c. lateral. d. inferior.

a. anterior.

a patient had a cardiac catheterization and is now in the recovery area. what nursing interventions should be included in the plan of care? (SAA) a. assessing the peripheral pulses in the affected extremity b. checking the insertion site for hematoma formation c. evaluating temperature and color in the affected extremity d. assisting the patient to the bathroom after the procedure e. assessing vital signs every 8 hours

a. assessing the peripheral pulses in the affected extremity b. checking the insertion site for hematoma formation c. evaluating temperature and color in the affected extremity

Which term describes the ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse? a. automaticity b. contractility c. conductivity d. excitability

a. automaticity

a patient has had an implantable cardioverter defibrillator inserted. what should the nurse be sure to include in the education of this patient prior to discharge? a. avoid magnetic fields such as detection booths b. call for emergency assistance if feeling dizzy c. record events that trigger a shock sensation d. the patient may have a throbbing pain that is normal e. the patient will have to schedule monthly chest xrays to make sure the devise is patent

a. avoid magnetic fields such as detection booths b. call for emergency assistance if feeling dizzy c. record events that trigger a shock sensation

the nurse in the ICU hears an alarm sound in the patient's room. arriving in the room the patient is unresponsive, without a pulse, and a flat line on the monitor. what is the first action by the nurse? a. begin CPR b. administer epinephrine c. administer atropine 0.5mg d. defibrillate within 360 joules

a. begin CPR

A client with CAD thinks diltiazem (Cardizem) has been causing nausea. Diltiazem (Cardizem) is categorized as which type of drug? a. calcium-channel blocker b. beta-adrenergic blocker c. nitrate d. diuretic

a. calcium-channel blocker

a patient has had cardiac surgery and is being monitored in the ICU. what complication should the nurse monitor for that is associated with an alteration in preload? a. cardiac tamponade b. elevated central venous pressure c. hypertension d. hypothermia

a. cardiac tamponade

the nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with pericarditis. what serious complication should this patient be monitored for? a. cardiac tamponade b. decreased venous pressure c. hypertension d. left ventricular hypertrophy

a. cardiac tamponade

A client who has been diagnosed with Prinzmetal's angina will present with which symptom? a. chest pain that occurs at rest and usually in the middle of the night b. radiating chest pain that lasts 15 minutes or less c. prolonged chest pain that accompanies exercise d. chest pain of increased frequency, severity, and duration

a. chest pain that occurs at rest and usually in the middle of the night

What is a modifiable risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis? a. consumption of a high-fat diet b. prior infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae c. gender d. history of rheumatic fever

a. consumption of a high-fat diet

the nurse is administering a CCB to a patient who has symptomatic sinus tachycardia at a rate of 132bpm. what is the anticipated action of the drug for this patient? a. decreases the SA node automaticity b. increases the AV node conduction c. increases the heart rate d. creates a positive inotropic effect

a. decreases the SA node automaticity

a patient who had a CABG is exhibiting signs of cardiac failure. what medications does this nurse anticipate administering for this patient? (SAA) a. diuretics b. digoxin c. inotropic agents d. dialysis e. nitroprusside

a. diuretics b. digoxin c. inotropic agents

Following a myocardial infarction, a client develops an arrhythmia and requires a continuous infusion of lidocaine. To monitor the effectiveness of the intervention, the nurse should focus primarily on the client's: a. electrocardiogram (ECG). b. urine output. c. creatine kinase (CK) and troponin levels. d. blood pressure and heart rate.

a. electrocardiogram (ECG).

The nurse cares for a client in the emergency department who has a B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level of 115 pg/mL. The nurse recognizes that this finding is most indicative of which condition? a. heart failure b. ventricular hypertrophy c. pulmonary edema d. myocardial infarction

a. heart failure

the nurse is educating a patient about the care related to a new diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse. what statement made by the patient demonstrates understanding? a. i will avoid caffeine, alcohol, and smoking b. i will take antibiotics before getting my teeth cleaned c. i shouldn't get a tattoo but i can get my tongue pierced d. this disorder will progress and i will need a heart transplant

a. i will avoid caffeine, alcohol, and smoking

a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy is having episodes of vfib. what choice would be best to sense and terminate these episodes? a. implantable cardioverter defibrillator b. pacemaker c. atropine d. epinephrine

a. implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Statistics show an increase in the prevalence of infective endocarditis among older adults. Which factor places older adults at risk for developing infective endocarditis? a. increased use of prosthetic valve replacements b. greater incidence of a history of repaired congenital heart defects c. increase in IV drug use d. higher rate of tuberculosis

a. increased use of prosthetic valve replacements

If a client were to develop rheumatic carditis, which cardiac structure would most likely be affected? a. mitral valve b. coronary arteries c. inferior vena cava d. septum

a. mitral valve

a patient at the clinic describes shortness of breath, periods of feeling lightheaded, and feeling fatigued despite a full nights sleep. the nurse obtains vital signs and auscultates a systolic click. what does the nurse suspect from the assessment findings? a. mitral valve prolapse b. mitral regurgitation c. aortic stenosis d. aortic regurgitation

a. mitral valve prolapse

a patient's heart rate is observed to be 140 bpm on the monitor. the nurse knows that the patient is at risk for what complication? a. myocardial ischemia b. a pulmonary embolism c. right sided heart failure d. a stroke

a. myocardial ischemia

The nurse recognizes that the treatment for a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) differs from that for a STEMI, in that a STEMI is more frequently treated with a. percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) b. IV heparin c. IV nitroglycerin d. thrombolytics

a. percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

the nurse is assessing a patient's blood pressure. what does the nurse document as the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure? a. pulse pressure b. auscultatory gap c. pulse deficit d. korotkoff sound

a. pulse pressure

Central venous pressure is measured in which heart chamber? a. right atrium b. left atrium c. left ventricle d. right ventricle

a. right atrium

Each chamber of the heart has a particular role in maintaining cellular oxygenation. Which chamber is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs to be oxygenated? a. right ventricle b. left ventricle c. right atrium d. left atrium

a. right ventricle

The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client with rheumatic endocarditis but no valvular dysfunction. On which nursing diagnosis should the nurse focus her teaching? a. risk for infection b. chronic pain c. impaired gas exchange d. impaired memory

a. risk for infection

A client with a family history of coronary artery disease reports experiencing chest pain and palpitations during and after morning jogs. What would reduce the client's cardiac risk? a. smoking cessation b. a protein-rich diet c. exercise avoidance d. antioxidant supplements

a. smoking cessation

The nurse correctly identifies which data as an example of blood pressure and heart rate measurements in a client with postural hypotension? a. supine: BP 120/70 mm Hg, HR 70 bpm; sitting: BP 100/55 mm Hg, HR 90 bpm; standing: BP 98/52 mm Hg, HR 94 bpm b. supine: BP 130/70 mm Hg, HR 80 bpm; sitting: BP 128/70 mm Hg, HR 80 bpm; standing: BP 130/68 mm Hg, HR 82 bpm c. supine: BP 140/78 mm Hg, HR 72 bpm; sitting: BP 145/78 mm Hg, HR 74 bpm; standing: BP 144/78 mm Hg, HR 74 bpm d. supine: BP 114/82 mm Hg, HR 90 bpm; sitting: BP 110/76 mm Hg, HR 95 bpm; standing: BP 108/74 mm Hg, HR 98 bpm

a. supine: BP 120/70 mm Hg, HR 70 bpm; sitting: BP 100/55 mm Hg, HR 90 bpm; standing: BP 98/52 mm Hg, HR 94 bpm

the nurse is caring for a patient with pedicarditis. where does the nurse understand the inflammation is located? a. the thin fibrous sac encasing the heart b. the inner lining of the heart and valves c. the heart's muscle fibers d. the exterior layer of the heart

a. the thin fibrous sac encasing the heart

a patient admitted to the hospital is suspected to have rheumatic endocarditis. what diagnostic test does the nurse anticipate will be ordered? a. throat culture b. echocardiogram c. electrocardiogram d. complete blood count

a. throat culture

While auscultating the heart of a pediatric client who is recovering from acute rheumatic fever, the nurse hears a murmur. This sound may indicate: a. valve damage b. pericarditis c. cardiac tamponade d. atrial gallop

a. valve damage

When teaching a client with rheumatic carditis and a history of recurrent rheumatic fever, which statement by the client indicates that teaching has been successful? a. "I will avoid milk, yogurt, and other dairy products." b. "I may have to take prophylactic antibiotics for up to 10 years." c. "I will take a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication every day." d. "I will avoid any kind of activity."

b. "I may have to take prophylactic antibiotics for up to 10 years."

A client, who has undergone a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), has received discharge instructions. Which statement by the client would indicate the need for further teaching by the nurse? a. "I should avoid taking a tub bath until my catheter site heals." b. "I should expect a low-grade fever and swelling at the site for the next week." c. "I should avoid prolonged sitting." d. "I should expect bruising at the catheter site for up to 3 weeks."

b. "I should expect a low-grade fever and swelling at the site for the next week."

After taking an ECG on a 38-year-old woman, the nurse reports that the PR interval reflects normal sinus rhythm. The nurse has made this interpretation based on the PR interval of: a. 0.05 and 0.1 seconds. b. 0.12 and 0.2 seconds. c. 0.15 and 0.3 seconds. d. 0.25 and 0.4 seconds.

b. 0.12 and 0.2 seconds.

The nurse is caring for a five-client assignment on a cardiac unit. In caring for which client would the nurse be most correct to assess for an effusion? a. A client with chest pain b. A client with chest trauma c. A client with aortic stenosis d. A client with mitral valve prolapse

b. A client with chest trauma

The licensed practical nurse is setting up the room for a client arriving at the emergency department with ventricular arrhythmias. The nurse is most correct to place which of the following in the room for treatment? a. A suction machine b. A defibrillator c. Cardioversion equipment d. An ECG machine

b. A defibrillator

When starting a client on oral or I.V. diltiazem (Cardizem), for which potential complication should the nurse monitor? a. flushing b. AV block c. renal failure d. hypertension

b. AV block

A nurse is reevaluating a client receiving IV fibrinolytic therapy. Which finding requires immediate intervention by the nurse? a. Minimal oozing of blood from the IV site b. Altered level of consciousness c. Presence of reperfusion dysrhythmias d. Chest pain 2 of 10 (on a 1-to-10 pain scale)

b. Altered level of consciousness

The nurse is auscultating the heart of a client diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse. Which is often the first and only manifestation of mitral valve prolapse? a. Fatigue b. An extra heart sound c. Dizziness d. Syncope

b. An extra heart sound

A client asks the clinic nurse what the difference is between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. What is the nurse's best response? a. Atherosclerosis is a loss of elasticity, or hardening of the arteries, that happens as we age. b. Arteriosclerosis is a loss of elasticity, or hardening of the arteries, that happens as we age. c. Arteriosclerosis is a formation of clots in the inner lining of the arteries. d. Atherosclerosis is a formation of clots in the inner lining of the arteries.

b. Arteriosclerosis is a loss of elasticity, or hardening of the arteries, that happens as we age.

A nurse is preparing a client for cardiac catheterization. The nurse knows that she must provide which nursing intervention when the client returns to his room after the procedure? a. Withhold analgesics for at least 6 hours after the procedure. b. Assess the puncture site frequently for hematoma formation or bleeding. c. Inform the client that he may experience numbness or pain in his leg. d. Restrict fluids for 6 hours after the procedure.

b. Assess the puncture site frequently for hematoma formation or bleeding.

A patient has returned to the nursing unit after having a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the hospital's cardiac catheterization laboratory. The nurse who is providing care for this patient should prioritize what assessment? a. Assessing the patient's capillary refill time and peripheral pulses b. Assessing the patient for signs and symptoms of hemorrhage c. Assessing the patient for signs and symptoms of acute renal failure d. Assessing the patient for signs and symptoms of infection

b. Assessing the patient for signs and symptoms of hemorrhage

A client's electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing reveals a ventricular rate between 250 and 400, with saw-toothed P waves. The nurse correctly identifies this dysrhythmia as a. Atrial fibrillation b. Atrial flutter c. Ventricular fibrillation d. Ventricular tachycardia

b. Atrial flutter

A patient has had a successful heart transplant for end-stage heart disease. What immunosuppressant will be necessary for this patient to take to prevent rejection? a. Procardia b. Cyclosporine c. Calan d. Vancocin

b. Cyclosporine

a patient has had a successful heart transplant for end-stage heart disease. what immunosuppressant will be necessary for this patient to take to prevent rejection? a. Procardia b. Cyclosporine c. Calan d. Vancocin

b. Cyclosporine

During assessment of a 63-year-old retired mechanic, the nurse notes and documents an S3 heart sound. The nurse knows that this sound is an abnormal sound suggestive of: a. Congenital heart disease. b. Heart failure. c. Aortic stenosis. d. Coronary artery disease.

b. Heart failure.

what medication order would the nurse question for a patient being treated with pericarditis? a. Colchicine b. Indocin c. Ibuprofen d. Prednisone

b. Indocin

The nurse is educating a patient diagnosed with angina pectoris about the difference between the pain of angina and a myocardial infarction (MI). How should the nurse describe the pain experienced during an MI? (Select all that apply.) a. It is relieved by rest and inactivity. b. It is substernal in location. c. It is sudden in onset and prolonged in duration. d. It is viselike and radiates to the shoulders and arms. e. It subsides after taking nitroglycerin.

b. It is substernal in location. c. It is sudden in onset and prolonged in duration. d. It is viselike and radiates to the shoulders and arms.

A patient is 2 days postoperative after having a permanent pacemaker inserted. The nurse observes that the patient is having continuous hiccups as the patient states, "I thought this was normal." What does the nurse understand is occurring with this patient? a. Fracture of the lead wire b. Lead wire dislodgement c. Faulty generator d. Sensitivity is too low

b. Lead wire dislodgement

A client who suffered blunt chest trauma in a motor vehicle accident complains of chest pain, which is exacerbated by deep inspiration. On auscultation, the nurse detects a pericardial friction rub — a classic sign of acute pericarditis. The physician confirms acute pericarditis and begins appropriate medical intervention. To relieve chest pain associated with pericarditis, which position should the nurse encourage the client to assume? a. Semi-Fowler's b. Leaning forward while sitting c. Supine d. Prone

b. Leaning forward while sitting

the nurse is administering a beta blocker to a patient in order to decrease automaticity. which medication will the nurse administer? a. Cardizem b. Lopressor c. Cordarone d. Rythmol

b. Lopressor

A 45-year-old adult male patient is admitted to emergency after he developed unrelieved chest pain that was present for approximately 20 minutes before he presented to the emergency department. The patient has been subsequently diagnosed with a myocardial infarction (MI). To minimize cardiac damage, what health care provider's order will the nurse expect to see for this patient? a. Thrombolytics, oxygen administration, and bed rest b. Morphine sulfate, oxygen administration, and bed rest c. Oxygen administration, anticoagulants, and bed rest d. Bed rest, albuterol nebulizer treatments, and oxygen administration

b. Morphine sulfate, oxygen administration, and bed rest

After 2-hour onset of acute chest pain, the client is brought to the emergency department for evaluation. Elevation of which diagnostic findings would the nurse identify as suggestive of an acute myocardial infarction at this time? a. Troponin I b. Myoglobin c. WBC (white blood cell) count d. C-reactive protein

b. Myoglobin

A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with a mitral valve prolapse who is asymptomatic. The nurse would expect which of the following to be ordered for this patient? a. Beta blockers b. No treatment required c. Calcium channel blockers d. Heparin

b. No treatment required

The nurse is reviewing the lab work of a client diagnosed with infective endocarditis. Which diagnostic study confirms the diagnosis? a. Complete blood count b. Positive blood culture c. Serum cardiac antigens d. Immunosuppressant assay

b. Positive blood culture

Which mitral valve condition generally produces no symptoms? a. Stenosis b. Prolapse c. Regurgitation d. Infection

b. Prolapse

Which ECG waveform characterizes conduction of an electrical impulse through the left ventricle? a. P wave b. QRS complex c. PR interval d. QT interval

b. QRS complex

The nurse analayzes the electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing of a client newly admitted to the cardiac step-down unit with a diagnosis of chest pain. Which finding indicates the need for follow-up? a. PR interval that is 0.18 seconds long b. QT interval that is 0. 46 seconds long c. QRS complex that is 0.10 seconds long d. ST segment that is isoelectric in appearance

b. QT interval that is 0. 46 seconds long

Which type of cardiomyopathy are characterized by diastolic dysfunction caused by rigid ventricular walls that impair diastolic filling and ventricular stretch. a. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) b. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) c. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) d. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)

b. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM)

The nurse is assessing a client admitted with infective endocarditis. Which manifestation would the nurse expect to find? a. Involuntary muscle movements of the extremities b. Small painful lesions on the pads of the fingers and toes c. Raised red rash on the trunk and face d. Bruising on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

b. Small painful lesions on the pads of the fingers and toes

Which action will a public health nurse include when planning ways to decrease the incidence of rheumatic fever in the community? a. Encourage susceptible groups in the community to receive immunizations with streptococcal vaccine. b. Teach individuals in the community to seek medical treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis. c. Educate individuals in the community about the importance of monitoring temperature when infections occur. d. Provide prophylactic antibiotics to individuals with a family history of rheumatic fever.

b. Teach individuals in the community to seek medical treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis.

Your client is going to have a stress test. What radionuclide would most likely be used to diagnose ischemic heart disease during this test? a. Techtonium-89-r b. Thallium-201 c. Technetium-99m d. Transmnium-105

b. Thallium-201

The nursing instructor is teaching a class on thrombophlebitis. What should the nurse tell the students about the inflammatory response in thrombophlebitis? a. The inflammatory response is caused by the irritation of the clot. b. The inflammatory response is caused by accumulated waste products in the blocked vessel c. The inflammatory response is caused by an excess for fibrin in the blocked vessel. d. The inflammatory response is caused by the irritation of blood trying to flow through the vessel.

b. The inflammatory response is caused by accumulated waste products in the blocked vessel

A patient is being seen in a clinic to rule out mitral valve stenosis. Which assessment data would be most significant? a. The patient has jugular vein distention and 3+ pedal edema. b. The patient reports shortness of breath when walking. c. The patient reports chest pain after eating a large meal. d. he patient's has an enlarged liver and oedematous abdomen.

b. The patient reports shortness of breath when walking.

the nurse is obtaining a history from a patient diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. what information obtained from the patient is indicative of this form of cardiomyopathy? a. a history of alcoholism b. a history of amyloidosis c. a parent has the same disorder d. a long-standing history of hypertension

b. a history of amyloidosis

what ECG findings does the nurse observe in a patient who has had an MI? (SAA) a. an absent P wave b. an abnormal Q wave c. T wave insertion d. ST segment elevation e. prolonged PR interval

b. an abnormal Q wave c. T wave insertion d. ST segment elevation

the nurse is monitoring a patient in the PACU following a coronary artery bypass graft, observing a regular ventricular rate of 82bpm and "saw-tooth" P waves with an atrial rate of approximately 300bpm. how does the nurse interpret this rhythm? a. atrial fibrillation b. atrial flutter c. ventricular tachycardia d. ventricular fibrillation

b. atrial flutter

the nurse administers propranolol hydrochloride to a patient with a heart rate of 64bpm. an hour later, the nurse observes the heart rate to be 36bpm. what medication should the nurse prepare to administer that is an antidote for the propranolol? a. digoxin b. atropine c. protamine sulfate d. sodium nitroprisside

b. atropine

When the appropriate electrocardiogram (ECG) complex follows the pacing spike, it is said to be: a. triggered. b. captured. c. inhibited. d. nonsynchronous.

b. captured.

a patient is admitted with suspected cardiomyopathy. what diagnostic test would be most helpful with the identification of this disorder? a. serial enzyme studies b. cardiac catheterization c. echocardiogram d. phonocardiogram

b. cardiac catheterization

The nurse cares for a client with an intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring device. The nurse recognizes the most preventable complication associated with hemodynamic monitoring includes which condition? a. hemorrhage b. catheter-related bloodstream infections c. air embolism d. pneumothorax

b. catheter-related bloodstream infections

the nurse determines that a patient has a characteristic symptom of pericarditis. what symptom does the nurse recognize as significant for this diagnosis? a. dyspnea b. constant chest pain c. fatigue lasting more than 1 month d. uncontrolled restlessness

b. constant chest pain

the nurse is reviewing the lab results for a patient having a suspected MI. what cardiac-specific isoenzyme does the nurse observe for myocardial cell damage? a. alkaline phosphatase b. creatine kinase (CK-MB) c. myoglobin d. troponin

b. creatine kinase (CK-MB)

Age-related changes associated with the cardiac system include a. decreased size of the left atrium. b. endocardial fibrosis. c. increase in the number of SA node cells. d. myocardial thinning.

b. endocardial fibrosis.

The laboratory values for a client diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) have just come back from the lab. The client's low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level is 112 mg/dL. This nurses recognizes that this value is a. low b. high c. normal d. extremely high

b. high

the nurse suspects diagnosis of mitral valve regurgitation when what type of murmur is heard on auscultation? a. mitral click b. high pitched blowing sound at apex c. low pitched diastolic murmur at the apex d. diastolic murmur at the left sternal border

b. high pitched blowing sound at the apex

A client reports headaches and "just not feeling right," which the client blames on ongoing sleep disturbances. Inspection reveals Janeway lesions on the bottoms of the client's feet. These symptoms may indicate: a. rheumatic fever. b. infective endocarditis. c. myocarditis. d. dilated cardiomyopathy.

b. infective endocarditis.

the nurse is educating a patient diagnosed with angina pectoris about the difference between the pain of angina and an MI. how should the nurse describe the pain experienced during a MI? a. it is relieved by rest and inactivity b. it is substernal in location c. it is sudden in onset and prolonged in duration d. it is viselike and radiates to the shoulders and arms e. it subsides after taking nitro

b. it is substernal in location c. it is sudden in onset and prolonged in duration d. it is viselike and radiates to the shoulders and arms

a patient is 2 days post-op after having a permanent pacemaker inserted. the nurse observes that the patient is having continuous hiccups as the patient states, "i thought this was normal". what does the nurse understand is occurring with this patient? a. fracture of the lead wire b. lead wire dislodgement c. faulty generator d. sensitivity is too low

b. lead wire dislodgement

A nurse reviews a client's medication history before administering a cholinergic blocking agent. Adverse effects of a cholinergic blocking agent may delay absorption of: a. amantadine (Symmetrel). b. nitroglycerin (Nitrostat). c. digoxin (Lanoxin). d. diphenhydramine (Benadryl).

b. nitroglycerin (Nitrostat).

After a detailed diagnostic workup, a patient has been diagnosed with atrial septal defect (ASD). The nurse should recognize that this patient may exhibit many of the signs and symptoms that are typically associated with: a. unstable angina b. right sided heart failure c. myocardial infarction d. endocarditis

b. right sided heart failure

a patient tells the nurse, "i was straining to have a bowel movement and felt like i was going to faint. i took my pulse and it was so slow." what does the nurse understand occurred with this patient? a. the patient may have had a myocardial infarction b. the patient had a vagal response c. the patient was anxious about being constipated d. the patient may have an abdominal aortic aneurysm

b. the patient had a vagal response

the nurse observes a CNA obtaining blood pressure reading with a cuff that is too small for the patient. the nurse informs the CNA that using a cuff that is too small can affect the reading results in what way? a. the results will be falsely decreased b. the results will be falsely elevated c. it will give an accurate reading d. it will be significantly different with each reading

b. the results will be falsely elevated

A client's chart indicates Virchow's triad. This client is at risk for which complication? a. venous stasis b. thrombophlebitis c. altered blood coagulation d. postphlebitic syndrome

b. thrombophlebitis

Your students are studying various laboratory tests, such as blood chemistries, that may be used as part of the diagnostic analysis for a client with a cardiovascular disorder. What do hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia indicate? a. coronary artery disease b. uncontrolled diabetes mellitus c. fluid retention and hypertension d. atherosclerotic heart disease

b. uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

A client with angina pectoris must learn how to reduce risk factors that exacerbate this condition. When developing the client's care plan, which expected outcome should a nurse include? a. "Client will verbalize an understanding of the need to call the physician if acute pain lasts more than 2 hours." b. "Client will verbalize the intention to avoid exercise." c. "Client will verbalize the intention to stop smoking." d. "Client will verbalize an understanding of the need to restrict dietary fat, fiber, and cholesterol."

c. "Client will verbalize the intention to stop smoking."

The nurse reviews discharge instructions with a client who underwent a left groin cardiac catheterization 8 hours ago. Which instructions should the nurse include? a. "You can take a tub bath or a shower when you get home." b. "Contact your primary care provider if you develop a temperature above 102°F." c. "Do not bend at the waist, strain, or lift heavy objects for the next 24 hours." d. "If any discharge occurs at the puncture site, call 911 immediately."

c. "Do not bend at the waist, strain, or lift heavy objects for the next 24 hours."

Your client is being prepared for echocardiography when they ask you why they need to have this test. What would be your best response? a. "This test will find any congenital heart defects." b. "This test can tell us a lot about your heart." c. "Echocardiography is a way of determining the functioning of the left ventricle of your heart." d. "Echocardiography will tell your doctor if you have cancer of the heart."

c. "Echocardiography is a way of determining the functioning of the left ventricle of your heart."

Heparin therapy is usually considered therapeutic when the client's activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is how many times normal? a. .25 to .75 b. .75 to 1.5 c. 2.0 to 2.5 d. 2.5 to 3.0

c. 2.0 to 2.5

Which assessment finding by the nurse is the most significant finding suggestive of aortic aneurysm? a. High blood pressure b. Severe back pain c. Abdomen bruit d. Nausea and vomiting

c. Abdomen bruit

You are caring for a client with CAD. What is an appropriate nursing action when evaluating a client with coronary artery disease (CAD)? a. Assess the client's mental and emotional status. b. Assess the skin of the client. c. Assess the characteristics of chest pain. d. Assess for any kind of drug abuse.

c. Assess the characteristics of chest pain.

The nurse is presenting a workshop at the senior citizens center about how the changes of aging predispose clients to vascular occlusive disorders. What would the nurse name as the most common cause of peripheral arterial problems in the older adult? a. Coronary thrombosis b. Arteriosclerosis c. Atherosclerosis d. Raynaud's disease

c. Atherosclerosis

The nurse is auscultating the heart sounds of a patient with mitral stenosis. The pulse rhythm is weak and irregular. What rhythm does the nurse expect to see on the electrocardiogram (ECG)? a. First-degree atrioventricular block b. Ventricular tachycardia c. Atrial fibrillation d. Sinus dysrhythmia

c. Atrial fibrillation

Which medication is given to clients who are diagnosed with angina but are allergic to aspirin? a. Amlodipine b. Diltiazem c. Clopidogrel d. Felodipine

c. Clopidogrel

Which term describes the splitting or separating of fused cardiac valve leaflets? a. Annuloplasty b. Chordoplasty c. Commissurotomy d. Valvuloplasty

c. Commissurotomy

The health care provider documents that the patient's pulse quality is a +1 on a scale of 0 to 4. The nurse knows that this describes a pulse that is: a. Diminished, but cannot be obliterated. b. Full, easy to palpate, and cannot be obliterated. c. Difficult to palpate and is obliterated with pressure. d. Strong and bounding and may be abnormal.

c. Difficult to palpate and is obliterated with pressure.

A client is admitted to the hospital with possible acute pericarditis and pericardial effusion. The nurse knows to prepare the client for which diagnostic test to confirm the client's diagnosis? a. Cardiac cauterization b. Computed tomography c. Echocardiography d. Chest x-ray

c. Echocardiography

Which area of the heart that is located at the third intercostal space to the left of the sternum? a. aortic area b. pulmonic area c. Erb point d. epigastric area

c. Erb point

the nurse is discussing risk factors for developing CAD with a patient in the clinic. which results would indicate that the patient is not at significant risk for the development of CAD? a. cholesterol, 280mg/dL b. LDL, 160mg/dL c. HDL, 80mg/dL d. a ratio of LDL to HDL, 4.5 to 1.0

c. HDL, 80mg/dL

The nurse is discussing risk factors for developing CAD with a patient in the clinic. Which results would indicate that the patient is not at significant risk for the development of CAD? a. Cholesterol, 280 mg/dL b. Low density lipoprotein (LDL), 160 mg/dL c. High-density lipoprotein (HDL), 80 mg/dL d. A ratio of LDL to HDL, 4.5 to 1.0

c. High-density lipoprotein (HDL), 80 mg/dL

The staff educator is teaching a class in dysrhythmias. What statement is correct for defibrillation? a. It is a scheduled procedure 1 to 10 days in advance. b. The client is sedated before the procedure. c. It is used to eliminate ventricular dysrhythmias. d. It uses less electrical energy than cardioversion.

c. It is used to eliminate ventricular dysrhythmias.

a patient in the recovery room after cardiac surgery begins to have extremity paresthesia, peaked T waves, and mental confusion. what type of electrolyte imbalance does the nurse suspect this patient is having? a. Ca b. Mg c. K d. Na

c. K

Which technique is used to surgically revascularize the myocardium? a. Balloon bypass b. Peripheral bypass c. Minimally invasive direct coronary bypass d. Gastric bypass

c. Minimally invasive direct coronary bypass

Severe chest pain is reported by a client during an acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following is the most appropriate drug for the nurse to administer? a. Isosorbide mononitrate (Isordil) b. Meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) c. Morphine sulfate (Morphine) d. Nitroglycerin transdermal patch

c. Morphine sulfate (Morphine)

The nurse knows to review laboratory tests for cardiac biomarkers for a patient suspected of suffering an MI. The nurse knows that all can be detected within hours of an injury. Which of the following is the earliest marker? a. Creatinine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) b. Total creatinine kinase (CK) c. Myoglobin d. Troponin I and T

c. Myoglobin

A client with Raynaud's disease complains of cold and numbness in the fingers. Which of the following would the nurse identify as an early sign of vasoconstriction? a. Cyanosis b. Gangrene c. Pallor d. Clubbing of the fingers

c. Pallor

The nurse is attempting to determine the ventricular rate and rhythm of a patient's telemetry strip. What should the nurse examine to determine this part of the analysis? a. PP interval b. QT interval c. RR interval d. TP interval

c. RR interval

the nurse is attempting to determine the ventricular rate and rhythm of a patient's telemetry strip. what should the nurse examine to determine this part of the analysis? a. PP interval b. QT interval c. RR interval d. TP interval

c. RR interval

Part of the continued management of a patient with infective endocarditis is assessment for the presence of Janeway lesions. On inspection, the nurse recognizes these lesions by identifying which characteristic sign? a. Patterns of petechiae on the chest b. Erythematosus modules on the pads of the fingers c. Red or purple macules found on the palms of the hands d. Splinter hemorrhages seen under the fingernails

c. Red or purple macules found on the palms of the hands

The nurse is part of a triage team that is assessing a patient to determine if his chest pain is a manifestation of angina pectoris or an MI. The nurse knows that a primary distinction is that the pain of angina is: a. Described as crushing and substernal b. Associated with nausea and vomiting c. Relieved by rest and nitroglycerin d. Accompanied by diaphoresis and dyspnea

c. Relieved by rest and nitroglycerin

Following the assessment of a patient with suspected pericarditis, the nursing student would determine which of the following findings to be most characteristic? a. Dyspnea b. Fatigue lasting more than 1 month c. Reports of constant chest pain d. Elevated ESR and CRP

c. Reports of constant chest pain

The nurse observes a client during an exercise stress test (bicycle). Which finding indicates a positive test and the need for further diagnostic testing? a. Dizziness and leg cramping b. BP changes; 148/80 mmHg to 166/90 mmHg c. ST-segment changes on the ECG d. Heart rate changes; 78 bpm to 112 bpm

c. ST-segment changes on the ECG

A nurse is assigned to care for a recently admitted patient who has been diagnosed with refractory angina. Before meeting the patient, the nurse expects her to exhibit the following symptoms: a. Predictable and consistent pain that occurs on exertion and is relieved by rest b. Pain that may occur at rest, but the threshold for pain is lower than expected c. Severe, incapacitating chest pain d. Pain that occurs more frequently and lasts longer than the pain usually seen with stable angina

c. Severe, incapacitating chest pain

a patient diagnosed with HTN has a newly diagnosed afib. what medication does the nurse anticipate administering to prevent the complication of atrial thrombi? a. Adenosine b. Amiodarone c. Warfarin d. Atropine

c. Warfarin

the nurse is auscultating the heart sounds of a patient with mitral stenosis. the pulse rhythm is weak and irregular. what rhythm does the nurse expect to see on the ECG? a. first degree av block b. ventricular tachycardia c. atrial fibrillation d. sinus dysrhythmia

c. atrial fibrillation

Which is not a likely origination point for cardiac dysrhythmias? a. atria b. ventricles c. bundle of His d. atrioventricular node

c. bundle of His

a patient has had several episodes of recurrant tachydysrhythmias over the last 5 months and medication therapy has not been effective. what procedure should the nurse prepare the patient for? a. insertion of an ICD b. insertion of a permanent pacemaker c. catheter ablation therapy d. maze procedure

c. catheter ablation therapy

A client is admitted for treatment of Prinzmetal's angina. When developing this client's care plan, the nurse should keep in mind that this type of angina can result from: a. activities that increase myocardial oxygen demand. b. an unpredictable amount of activity. c. coronary artery spasm. d. the same type of activity that caused previous angina episodes.

c. coronary artery spasm.

a 52 year old female patient is going through menopause and asks the nurse about estrogen replacement for its cardioprotective benefits. what is the best response by the nurse? a. that's a great idea. you don't want to have a heart attack. b. current research determines that the replacement of estrogen will protect a woman after she goes into menopause c. current evidence indicates that estrogen is ineffective as a cardioprotectant. estrogen is actually potentially harmful and is no longer a recommended therapy d. you need to research it and determine what you want to do

c. current evidence indicates that estrogen is ineffective as a cardioprotectant. estrogen is actually potentially harmful and is no longer a recommended therapy.

A nurse is teaching a client how to take nitroglycerin to treat angina pectoris. The client verbalizes an understanding of the need to take up to three sublingual nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) tablets at 5-minute intervals, if necessary, and to notify the physician immediately if chest pain doesn't subside within 15 minutes. The nurse tells the client that, after taking the nitroglycerin, he may experience: a. nausea, vomiting, depression, fatigue, and impotence. b. sedation, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and respiratory depression. c. headache, hypotension, dizziness, and flushing. d. flushing, dizziness, headache, and pedal edema.

c. headache, hypotension, dizziness, and flushing.

a patient has received a heterograft for a tricuspid valve replacement. what statement made by the patient demonstrates understand of the valve replacement? a. the xenograft will last for the rest of my life, at least 20 years b. i will have to take an anti-rejection drug for the duration of the xenograft c. i will not take long-term anticoagulation because i want to get pregnant d. my valve comes from a cadaver

c. i will not take long-term anticoagulation because i want to get pregnant

the nurse is caring for a patient who is having chest pain associated with an MI. what medication should the nurse administer IV to reduce pain and anxiety? a. meterpidine hydrochloride b. hydromorphone hydrochloride c. morphine sulfate d. codeine sulphate

c. morphine sulfate

The instructor is talking with a nursing student who is caring for a client with pericarditis. The instructor asks the student to name the main characteristic of pericarditis. What should be the student's answer? a. dyspnea b. fever c. pedicordial pain d. respiratory symptoms

c. pericordial pain

the nurse is educating a patient at risk for atherosclerosis. what non-modifiable risk factors does the nurse identify for the patient? a. stress b. obesity c. positive family history d. hyperlipidemia

c. positive family history

A client presents to the ED with a myocardial infarction. Prior to administering a prescribed thrombolytic agent, the nurse must determine whether the client has which absolute contraindication to thrombolytic therapy? a. recent consumption of a meal b. shellfish allergy c. prior intracranial hemorrhage d. use of heparin

c. prior intracranial hemorrhage

the nurse is assessing heart sounds in a patient with heart failure. an abnormal heart sound is detected early in diastole. how would the nurse document this? a. s1 b. s2 c. s3 d. s4

c. s3

the patient has a heart rate of 72 bpm with a regular rhythm. where does the nurse determine the impulse arises from? a. AV node b. purkinje fibers c. sinoatrial node d. the ventricles

c. sinoatrial node

Which term describes the amount of blood ejected per heartbeat? a. cardiac output b. ejection fraction c. stroke volume d. afterload

c. stroke volume

the nurse is educating the patient about administering nitro prior to discharge. what info should the nurse include in the instructions? a. take a nitro and if the pain is not relieved, drive to the nearest ED b. take 2 nitros and if the pain is not relieved, go to the nearest ED c. take a nitro and repeat every 5 minutes if the pain is not relieved until a total of 3 are taken. if the pain is not relieved, activate the emergency medical system d. take 2 nitros every 10 minutes until a total of 6 pills are taken. if pain is not relieved, activate the emergency medical system

c. take a nitro and repeat every 5 minutes if the pain is not relieved until a total of 3 are taken. if the pain is not relieved, activate the emergency medical system

a patient with CAD is having a cardiac catheterization. what indicator is present for the patient to have a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)? a. the patient has compromised left ventricular function b. the patient has had angina longer than 3 years c. the patient has at least a 70% occlusion of a major artery d. the patient has an ejection fraction of 65%

c. the patient has at least a 70% occlusion of a major artery

The nursing instructor is discussing pacemakers with her clinical group. One of the students is caring for a client with a transvenous pacemaker. One of the students asks why this client has a transvenous pacemaker. What would be the instructor's best response? a. "A transvenous pacemaker is used in place of a transarterial pacemaker." b. "A transvenous pacemaker is a permanent pacemaker that is asynchronous." c. "A transvenous pacemaker is used for a ventricular tachyarrhythmia." d. "A transvenous pacemaker is used to manage transient bradydysrhythmias like those that occur during acute MIs."

d. "A transvenous pacemaker is used to manage transient bradydysrhythmias like those that occur during acute MIs."

An asymptomatic client questions the nurse about mitral regurgitation and inquires about continuing exercises. Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. "Take ample rest after exercise." b. "Avoid any type of exercise." c. "Avoid strenuous exercise." d. "Continue exercising until mild symptoms develop."

d. "Continue exercising until mild symptoms develop."

An asymptomatic client questions the nurse about the diagnosis of mitral regurgitation and inquires about continuing an exercise routine. Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. "Continue the exercise routine but take ample rest after exercising." b. "Avoid any type of exercise." c. "Avoid strenuous cardiovascular exercise." d. "Continue the exercise routine unless symptoms such as shortness of breath or fatigue develop."

d. "Continue the exercise routine unless symptoms such as shortness of breath or fatigue develop."

the nurse is defibrillating a patient in vfib with paddles on a monophasic defibrillator. how much paddle pressure should the nurse apply when defibrillating? a. 5-10lbs b. 10-15lbs c. 15-20lbs d. 20-25lbs

d. 20-25lbs

A client is admitted to the emergency department reporting chest pain and shortness of breath. The nurse notes an irregular rhythm on the bedside electrocardiograph monitor. The nurse counts 9 RR intervals on the client's 6-second rhythm tracing. The nurse correctly identifies the client's heart rate as a. 80 bpm b. 70 bpm c. 100 bpm d. 90 bpm

d. 90 bpm

The following clients are in need of exercise electrocardiography. Which client would the nurse indicate as most appropriate for a drug-induced stress test? a. A 48-year-old policemen with history of knee replacement 4 years ago b. A 68-year-old housewife with history of osteoporosis c. A 72-year-old retired janitor obtaining a cardiac baseline d. A 55-year-old recovering from a fall and broken femur

d. A 55-year-old recovering from a fall and broken femur

The nurse is assigned the following client assignment on the clinical unit. For which client does the nurse anticipate cardioversion as a possible medical treatment? a. A new myocardial infarction client b. A client with poor kidney perfusion c. A client with third-degree heart block d. A client with atrial dysrhythmias

d. A client with atrial dysrhythmias

Shortly after being admitted to the coronary care unit with an acute myocardial infarction (MI), a client reports midsternal chest pain radiating down his left arm. The nurse notes that the client is restless and slightly diaphoretic, and measures a temperature of 99.6° F (37.6° C); a heart rate of 102 beats/minute; regular, slightly labored respirations at 26 breaths/minute; and a blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg. Which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority? a. Risk for imbalanced body temperature b. Decreased cardiac output c. Anxiety d. Acute pain

d. Acute pain

A client in the emergency department complains of squeezing substernal pain that radiates to the left shoulder and jaw. He also complains of nausea, diaphoresis, and shortness of breath. What should the nurse do? a. Complete the client's registration information, perform an electrocardiogram, gain I.V. access, and take vital signs. b. Alert the cardiac catheterization team, administer oxygen, attach a cardiac monitor, and notify the physician. c. Gain I.V. access, give sublingual nitroglycerin, and alert the cardiac catheterization team. d. Administer oxygen, attach a cardiac monitor, take vital signs, and administer sublingual nitroglycerin.

d. Administer oxygen, attach a cardiac monitor, take vital signs, and administer sublingual nitroglycerin.

The nurse is assessing a patient and feels a pulse with quick, sharp strokes that suddenly collapse. The nurse knows that this type of pulse is diagnostic for which disorder? a. Mitral insufficiency b. Tricuspid insufficiency c. Tricuspid stenosis d. Aortic regurgitation

d. Aortic regurgitation

The nurse is conducting a head-to-toe assessment of a patient at the beginning of a shift. The nurse has palpated the patient's radial pulse for 1 minute to determine the patient's heart rate and has detected an irregular rhythm. How should the nurse follow-up this assessment finding? a. Continue to palpate the patient's radial pulse for one more minute in order to gauge the severity of the arrhythmia. b. Palpate the patient's right and left radial pulses simultaneously to compare the symmetry of the patient's rate and rhythm. c. Reposition the patient, wait 3 to 5 minutes and then reassess the patient's radial pulse. d. Auscultate the patient's apical pulse while simultaneously palpating the patient's radial pulse.

d. Auscultate the patient's apical pulse while simultaneously palpating the patient's radial pulse.

You are caring for a client who has been admitted to have a cardioverter defibrillator implanted. You would know that implanted cardioverter defibrillators are used in what clients? a. Clients with recurrent life-threatening bradycardias b. Clients with sinus tachycardia c. Clients with ventricular bradycardia d. Clients with recurrent life-threatening tachydysrhythmias

d. Clients with recurrent life-threatening tachydysrhythmias

A nurse is caring for a client with a central venous pressure (CVP) of 4 mm Hg. Which nursing intervention is appropriate? a. Call the physician and obtain an order for a fluid bolus. b. Rezero the equipment and take another reading. c. Call the physician and obtain an order for a diuretic. d. Continue to monitor the client as ordered.

d. Continue to monitor the client as ordered.

Cardioversion is used to terminate dysrhythmias. With cardioversion, the: a. Amount of voltage used should exceed 400 watts/second. b. Electrical impulse can be discharged during the T wave. c. Defibrillator should be set to deliver a shock during the QRS complex. d. Defibrillator should be set in the non-synchronous mode so the nurse can hit the button at the right time.

d. Defibrillator should be set in the non-synchronous mode so the nurse can hit the button at the right time.

The nurse caring for a client who is suspected of having cardiovascular disease has a stress test ordered. The client has a co-morbidity of multiple sclerosis, so the nurse knows the stress test will be drug-induced. What drug will be used to dilate the coronary arteries? a. Thallium b. Ativan c. Diazepam d. Dobutamine

d. Dobutamine

The nurse is caring for a client with atrial fibrillation. What procedure would be recommended if drug therapies did not control the dysrhythmia? a. Defibrillation b. Maze procedure c. Pacemaker implantation d. Elective cardioversion

d. Elective cardioversion

You are caring for a client with atrial fibrillation. What procedure would be recommended if drug therapies did not control the dysrhythmia? a. Defibrillation b. Mace procedure c. Pacemaker implantation d. Elective cardioversion

d. Elective cardioversion

A nurse is monitoring the vital signs and blood results of a 53-year-old male patient who is receiving anti-coagulation therapy. Which of the following does the nurse identify as a major indication of concern? a. Blood pressure of 129/72 mm Hg b. Heart rate of 87 bpm c. Hemoglobin of 16 g/dL d. Hematocrit of 30%

d. Hematocrit of 30%

A patient with a history of valvular disease has just arrived in the PACU after a percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. Which intervention should the recovery nurse implement? a. Assess the patient's chest tube output. b. Monitor the patient's chest drainage. c. Evaluate the patient's endotracheal lip line. d. Keep the patient's affected leg straight.

d. Keep the patient's affected leg straight.

A nurse working in a cardiac step-down unit understands that the following drugs can affect the contractility of the heart. The nurse recognizes that contractility is depressed by which of the following drugs? a. Lanoxin b. Intropin c. Dubotrex d. Lopressor

d. Lopressor

What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis? a. Congestive heart failure b. Degenerative stenosis c. Myocardial infarction d. Rheumatic endocarditis

d. Rheumatic endocarditis

In arteriosclerosis, commonly referred to as hardening of the arteries, the rigid arterial vessels fail to stretch. This has the potential for what? a. Decreasing the flow of unoxygenated blood through the body b. Slowing the flow of blood throughout the body c. Increasing the flow of blood throughout the body d. Sending a reduced volume of oxygenated blood to the major organs of the body

d. Sending a reduced volume of oxygenated blood to the major organs of the body

A client was transferring a load of fire wood from his front driveway to his backyard woodpile at 10 a.m. when he experienced a heaviness in his chest and dyspnea. He stopped working and rested, and the pain subsided. At noon, the pain returned. At 1:30 p.m., his wife took him to the emergency department. Around 2 p.m., the emergency department physician diagnoses an anterior myocardial infarction (MI). The nurse should anticipate which orders by the physician? a. Streptokinase, aspirin, and morphine administration b. Morphine administration, stress testing, and admission to the cardiac care unit c. Serial liver enzyme testing, telemetry, and a lidocaine infusion d. Sublingual nitroglycerin, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and telemetry

d. Sublingual nitroglycerin, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and telemetry

You are evaluating the expected outcomes on a client who is recovering from a cardiac catheterization. What is an expected outcome that you would evaluate? a. The client and family understands the client's CV diagnosis. b. The client and family understands the need for medication. c. The client and family understands the need to restrict activity for 72 hours. d. The client and family understands the discharge instructions.

d. The client and family understands the discharge instructions.

The instructor is teaching a pre-nursing anatomy and physiology class. The class is studying the cardiovascular system. What does the instructor tell the class safeguards the heart from infectious microorganisms? a. The inner layer of the endocardium b. The outer layer or the epicardium c. The serous epicardium d. The parietal pericardium

d. The parietal pericardium

A nurse is preparing a teaching plan regarding biological tissue valve replacement. Which of the following identifies a disadvantage of this type of valve replacement? a. The patient must take lifelong anticoagulant therapy. b. The patient's infections are easier to treat. c. There is a low incidence of thromboembolism. d. The valve has to be replaced frequently.

d. The valve has to be replaced frequently.

A patient who had a myocardial infarction is experiencing severe chest pain and alerts the nurse. The nurse begins the assessment but suddenly the patient becomes unresponsive, no pulse, with the monitor showing a rapid, disorganized ventricular rhythm. What does the nurse interpret this rhythm to be? a. Ventricular tachycardia b. Atrial fibrillation c. Third-degree heart block d. Ventricular fibrillation

d. Ventricular fibrillation

Which nursing actions would be of greatest importance in the management of a client preparing for angioplasty? a. Inform client of diagnostic tests. b. Remove hair from skin insertion sites. c. Assess distal pulses. d. Withhold anticoagulant therapy.

d. Withhold anticoagulant therapy.

During the insertion of a rigid scope for bronchoscopy, a client experiences a vasovagal response. The nurse should expect: a. the client's pupils to become dilated. b. the client to experience bronchodilation. c. a decrease in the client's gastric secretions. d. a drop in the client's heart rate.

d. a drop in the client's heart rate.

the nurse is assessing a patient and feels a pulse with quick, sharp strokes that suddenly collapse. the nurse knows that this type of pulse is diagnostic for which disorder? a. mitral insufficiency b. tricuspid insufficiency c. tricuspid stenosis d. aortic regurgitation

d. aortic regurgitation

In caring for a client with vasovagal syncope, the nurse should know that the associated temporary loss of consciousness is most commonly related to: a. vestibular dysfunction b. sudden vascular fluid shifting c. postural hypotension d. bradyrhythmia

d. bradyrhythmia

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with infective endocarditis and awaiting blood culture results. The client asks, "Where did I pick up these bacteria?"The nurse is most safe to speculate which of the following? a. from droplets form a cough b. from the fecal-oral route c. from ingestion of a food d. from a break in the skin

d. from a break in the skin

the nurse is reviewing the results of the patient's echocardiogram and observes that the ejection fraction is 35%. the nurse anticipates that the patient will receive treatment for what condition? a. pulmonary embolism b. myocardial infarction c. pericarditis d. heart failure

d. heart failure

the nurse is performing an assessment of the patient's heart. where would the nurse locate the apical pulse if the heart is in a normal position? a. left 2nd intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line b. right 2nd intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line c. right 3rd intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line d. left 5th intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line

d. left 5th intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line

the nurse is assessing vital signs in a patient with a permanent pacemaker. what should the nurse document about the pacemaker? a. date and time of insertion b. location of the generator c. model number d. pacer rate

d. pacer rate

the nurse is assessing a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG). what phase does the nurse determine is the resting phase before the next depolarization? a. phase 1 b. phase 2 c. phase 3 d. phase 4

d. phase 4

a patient comes to the ED with complaints of chest pain after using cocaine. the nurse assess the patient and obtains vital signs with results as follows: BP 140/92, HR 128, RR 26, O2 sat 98%. what rhythm on the monitor does the nurse anticipate viewing? a. sinus bradycardia b. ventricular tachycardia c. normal sinus rhythm d. sinus tachycardia

d. sinus tachycardia

A patient, who is resting quietly in a step-down cardiac care unit, reports chest pain. The cardiac monitor indicates the presence of reversible ST-segment elevation. The nurse understands that the patient may be experiencing coronary artery vasospasm. This is a type of angina known as: a. silent b. stable c. intractable d. variant

d. variant

a patient who had a MI is experiencing severe chest pain and alerts the nurse. the nurse begins assessment but suddenly the patient becomes unresponsive, no pulse, with the monitoring showing a rapid, disorganized ventricular rhythm. what does the nurse interpret this rhythm to be? a. ventricular tachycardia b. atrial fibrillation c. third-degree heart block d. ventricular fibrillation

d. ventricle fibrillation