Ch 26 Protists
define dorsal
upper side (back)
define choanocytes
use flagella to move water into a sponge
examples of vertebrates and invertebrates
vertebrates-amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals invertebrates - sea stars, worms, insects, jellyfish
Portuguese man-of-war belongs to what class
Hydrozoa
what two fundamental characteristics distinguish animals from plants?
animals - no cell wall and heterotrophs plants - cell wall and autotrophswh
define filter feeders
aquatic animals that strain floating plants and animals from the water
where are the stinging tentacles of cnidarians located
around mouth
define posterior
back end (tail)
in sponges, how does asexual reproduction by budding differ from gemmule production?
budding-part of sponge breaks off and forms new sponge gemmule-group of archeocytes surrounded by spicules that can survive harsh conditions
are cnidarians herbivores or carnivores
carnivores
why is coral bleaching a serious ecological threat
cause coral to die
unlike plant cells, animal cells lack what
cell walls
define statocysts
cells that sense gravity
simplest animal to have body symmetry
cnidarians
2 functions of nematocysts
defense and capturing prey
name of process that small aquatic organisms use to move oxygen and carbon dioxide through their skin
diffusion
what is the benefit of sponges producing gemmules
help survive harsh conditions
how do members of the kingdom Animalia obtain food
heterotrophs
define gastrovascular cavity
internal space in cnidarians
example of organism in the class Scyphozoa
jellyfish
define ventral
lower side (stomach)
primary body form of scyphozoans
medusa
in hydra, what separates the epidermis and the gastroderm
mesoglea
in a protosome, the blastopore becomes the _________
mouth
function of circulatory system
move materials around in an organism
how are flagella important to a sponge
move water through body
characteristics of animals
multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic
define nerve net
nerve cells of cnidarians working together
what is the function of cnidocytes
paralyze prey
in jellyfish, how does the medusa stage reproduce
sexually
define spongin
skeleton of flexible protein fibers
in a sponge, some functions are carried out by what
specialized cells
define sessile
spend entire life attached to one spot
choanocytes, spicules, and gemmules refer to what organism
sponges
how do sponges play an important role in the primary productivity of coral reefs
symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic organisms
define eukaryote
has nucleus and membrand bound organelles
characteristic that puts organisms in the class Anthozoa
have only polyp form
why are sponges classified as animals (5 characteristics)
-multicellular -heterotrophs -no cell walls -few specialized cells -eukaryotes
Give 3 examples to describe the vulnerability of coral reefs to human activity
-recreational divers -silt and sediment smother coral -overfishing -fertilizers, insecticides, and industrial pollutants poison coral
define bilateral symmetry
1 plane divides body into 2 equal halves
percentage of animals with a vertebral column
5%
how do sponges feed
filter feeders
define anterior
front end (head)
advantage of sexual reproduction
genetic diversity
in Portuguese man-of-war, what acts as a balloonlike float
polyp
how do polyps differ from medusa
polyp - cylindrical and sessile medusa - motile and bell-shaped
2 body types of cnidarians
polyp and medusa
how are sponges a benefit to marine animals
providing a habitat
body symmetry in cnidarians
radial
how do sponges protect themselves
release toxins