Ch 26 Protists

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define dorsal

upper side (back)

define choanocytes

use flagella to move water into a sponge

examples of vertebrates and invertebrates

vertebrates-amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals invertebrates - sea stars, worms, insects, jellyfish

Portuguese man-of-war belongs to what class

Hydrozoa

what two fundamental characteristics distinguish animals from plants?

animals - no cell wall and heterotrophs plants - cell wall and autotrophswh

define filter feeders

aquatic animals that strain floating plants and animals from the water

where are the stinging tentacles of cnidarians located

around mouth

define posterior

back end (tail)

in sponges, how does asexual reproduction by budding differ from gemmule production?

budding-part of sponge breaks off and forms new sponge gemmule-group of archeocytes surrounded by spicules that can survive harsh conditions

are cnidarians herbivores or carnivores

carnivores

why is coral bleaching a serious ecological threat

cause coral to die

unlike plant cells, animal cells lack what

cell walls

define statocysts

cells that sense gravity

simplest animal to have body symmetry

cnidarians

2 functions of nematocysts

defense and capturing prey

name of process that small aquatic organisms use to move oxygen and carbon dioxide through their skin

diffusion

what is the benefit of sponges producing gemmules

help survive harsh conditions

how do members of the kingdom Animalia obtain food

heterotrophs

define gastrovascular cavity

internal space in cnidarians

example of organism in the class Scyphozoa

jellyfish

define ventral

lower side (stomach)

primary body form of scyphozoans

medusa

in hydra, what separates the epidermis and the gastroderm

mesoglea

in a protosome, the blastopore becomes the _________

mouth

function of circulatory system

move materials around in an organism

how are flagella important to a sponge

move water through body

characteristics of animals

multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic

define nerve net

nerve cells of cnidarians working together

what is the function of cnidocytes

paralyze prey

in jellyfish, how does the medusa stage reproduce

sexually

define spongin

skeleton of flexible protein fibers

in a sponge, some functions are carried out by what

specialized cells

define sessile

spend entire life attached to one spot

choanocytes, spicules, and gemmules refer to what organism

sponges

how do sponges play an important role in the primary productivity of coral reefs

symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic organisms

define eukaryote

has nucleus and membrand bound organelles

characteristic that puts organisms in the class Anthozoa

have only polyp form

why are sponges classified as animals (5 characteristics)

-multicellular -heterotrophs -no cell walls -few specialized cells -eukaryotes

Give 3 examples to describe the vulnerability of coral reefs to human activity

-recreational divers -silt and sediment smother coral -overfishing -fertilizers, insecticides, and industrial pollutants poison coral

define bilateral symmetry

1 plane divides body into 2 equal halves

percentage of animals with a vertebral column

5%

how do sponges feed

filter feeders

define anterior

front end (head)

advantage of sexual reproduction

genetic diversity

in Portuguese man-of-war, what acts as a balloonlike float

polyp

how do polyps differ from medusa

polyp - cylindrical and sessile medusa - motile and bell-shaped

2 body types of cnidarians

polyp and medusa

how are sponges a benefit to marine animals

providing a habitat

body symmetry in cnidarians

radial

how do sponges protect themselves

release toxins


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