Ch. 26: Renal System

24) The secondary function of the DCT to reabsorb sodium is controlled by which hormone(s)? A) aldosterone B) ADH C) renin D) cortisol E) aldosterone and ADH

A) aldosterone

31) The ureters ________. A) are retroperitoneal B) float freely within the abdominal cavity C) take exactly the same path to the bladder in men and women D) have specialized subdivisions called the urethrae E) function in reabsorption of sodium ions

A) are retroperitoneal

3) Blood exits the nephron via ________. A) efferent arteriole B) renal artery C) afferent arteriole D) various venules E) lobar artery

A) efferent arteriole

29) What is the solution called that is produced by filtration into the capsular space? A) glomerular filtrate B) urine C) capsular fluid D) collection filtrate E) mesangial fluid

A) glomerular filtrate

7) The ability to control micturition is often lost after a stroke, Alzheimer's disease, or other CNS problems affecting the cerebral cortex or ________. A) hypothalamus B) hippocampus C) reticular activating system D) pineal body E) corpora quadrigemina

A) hypothalamus

1) The large passageways into which the minor calyces empty are the ________. A) major calyces B) renal cortices C) renal medullae D) renal pelvis E) renal calyx

A) major calyces

13) Which of the following drains into the minor calyx? A) papillary duct B) collecting duct C) proximal convoluted tubule D) renal corpuscle E) distal convoluted tubule

A) papillary duct

4) The glomerular epithelium consists of large cells with complex processes or "feet" that wrap around the glomerular capillaries. These cells are called ________. A) podocytes B) mesangial cells C) juxtaglomerular cells D) detrusor cells E) fenestrated capillary cells

A) podocytes

11) Which is the last part of the renal tubule? A) nephron loop B) proximal convoluted tubule C) glomerular capsule D) glomerulus E) distal convoluted tubule

E) distal convoluted tubule

5) The triangular area bounded by the urethral openings and the entrance to the urethra constitutes the ________. A) external urethral sphincter B) detrusor muscle C) internal urethral sphincter D) renal sinus E) trigone

E) trigone

21) Which structure(s) is/are located directly opposite to the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle? A) distal convoluted tubule B) tubular pole C) ureters D) glomerulus E) nephron loop

TUBULAR POLE

12) What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron? A) active secretion of ions, acids, and other materials B) selective reabsorption of potassium ions from the filtrate C) active alkaline secretion D) reabsorption of urine E) filtration of blood

A) active secretion of ions, acids, and other materials

27) An obstruction in the glomerulus would increase the blood pressure in the ________. A) afferent arteriole B) renal artery C) efferent arteriole D) intralobular artery E) lobular vein

A) afferent arteriole

9) Which of the following statements regarding the glomerulus is CORRECT? A) It is a portion of the proximal convoluted tubule. B) It is a capillary network contained within the renal corpuscle. C) It occurs in the nephron loop. D) It filters urine just prior to its exit from the kidney. E) It empties directly into the interlobar veins.

B) It is a capillary network contained within the renal corpuscle.

25) ADH acts mostly on the ________. A) PCT B) collecting system C) nephron loop D) glomerulus E) trigone

B) collecting system

17) The glomerulus is made up of many ________. A) arterioles B) fenestrated capillaries C) sinusoids D) venules E) arteries

B) fenestrated capillaries

37) Which layer of the urethra is thick and elastic? A) adventitia B) lamina propria C) submucosa D) serosa E) muscularis externa

B) lamina propria

26) Electrolyte-monitoring cells of the DCT near the vascular pole are called (the) ________. A) juxtaglomerular complex B) macula densa C) mesangial cells D) fenestrated capillaries E) podocytes

B) macula densa

18) Which of the following are cells found between the endothelial cells of adjacent capillaries that play a role in regulating glomerular blood flow and filtration? A) filtration slits B) mesangial cells C) podocytes D) fenestrated cells E) pyramidal cells

B) mesangial cells

6) The position of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity is maintained, in part, by (the) ________. A) diaphragm B) overlying peritoneum C) floating ribs D) osmotic pressure of the fluid in the ureters E) suprarenal glands

B) overlying peritoneum

1) Adipose tissue that surrounds the renal capsule is called the ________. A) renal cortex B) perinephric fat C) renal medulla D) fat pad E) renal pyramid

B) perinephric fat

34) The external urethral sphincter of the urinary bladder is under the voluntary control of the perineal branch of which nerve? A) iliohypogastric nerve B) pudendal nerve C) ilioinguinal nerve D) testicular or ovarian nerve E) urethral nerve

B) pudendal nerve

4) Each kidney receives blood from (the) ________. A) descending aorta B) renal arteries C) common iliac arteries D) internal iliac arteries E) celiac trunk

B) renal arteries

7) The kidneys are innervated by which of the following? A) ureteric nerves B) renal nerves C) pelvic nerves D) celiac plexus E) sacral nerves

B) renal nerves

23) What is the primary function of the distal convoluted tubule? A) reabsorption B) secretion C) filtration D) increased retention of sodium ions E) production of vasopressin

B) secretion

8) Which is/are the known function(s) of the sympathetic innervation of the kidneys? A) stimulation of digestive function B) stimulation of renin release C) inhibition of water reabsorption D) inhibition of sodium ion reabsorption E) stimulation of oxytocin

B) stimulation of renin release

14) The net effect that occurs as a result of the work of the nephron loop is ________. A) production of the filtrate B) water and salt conservation C) active and passive reabsorption D) variable absorption and active secretion E) filtration of blood

B) water and salt conservation

38) The urge to urinate first develops when the urinary bladder contains approximately how much urine? A) 50 ml B) 100 ml C) 200 ml D) 500 ml E) 750 ml

C) 200 ml

22) Which area of the nephron lacks microvilli and is under aldosterone control for the reabsorption of sodium? A) nephron loop B) PCT C) DCT D) papillary duct E) glomerulus

C) DCT

10) Describe the composition of the filtrate that escapes from the glomerular capillaries. A) composition similar to that of plasma B) composition similar to that of whole blood C) a fluid similar to plasma, but without the blood proteins D) water only E) equal to the composition of the urine arriving at the renal pelvis

C) a fluid similar to plasma, but without the blood proteins

30) Individual collecting tubules connect each nephron to which nearby structure? A) PCT B) ascending limb C) collecting duct D) descending limb E) DCT

C) collecting duct

15) About 85 percent of the nephrons are classified as which of the following? A) juxtamedullary B) medullary C) cortical D) renal E) papillary

C) cortical

36) Which muscle is responsible for stopping the micturition reflex and allowing a person to stop voiding? A) internal urethral sphincter B) detrusor muscle C) external urethral sphincter D) pectineus muscle E) internal obturator muscle

C) external urethral sphincter

19) Which of the following are described as the gaps between the pedicles of the podocytes? A) urachus B) glomeruli C) filtration slits D) convoluted tubules E) renal papillae

C) filtration slits

39) Age-related changes in the urinary system include ________. A) an increase in the number of cortical nephrons B) an increase in the overall amount of glomerular filtration C) reduced sensitivity to ADH D) greater reabsorption of water E) increase in renal blood flow efficiency

C) reduced sensitivity to ADH

20) The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the ________. A) juxtaglomerular complex B) renal pyramid C) renal corpuscle D) nephron loop E) renal papilla

C) renal corpuscle

3) The renal medulla consists of six to eighteen distinct conical or triangular structures, called ________. A) collecting ducts B) proximal convoluted tubules C) renal pyramids D) distal convoluted tubules E) minor calices

C) renal pyramids

28) The juxtaglomerular apparatus adjusts glomerular filtration rates by secretion of which hormones? A) vasopressin and erythropoietin B) oxytocin and vasopressin C) renin and erythropoietin D) gastrin and insulin E) glucagon and renin

C) renin and erythropoietin

5) The kidneys are located ________. A) anterior to the colon and pancreas B) medial to the aorta C) retroperitoneally D) at the level between T10 and L1 E) at the level between C7 and T3

C) retroperitoneally

32) Which is the CORRECT order of the structures of the male urethra, from the bladder to the exterior? (1) collecting duct (2) spongy urethra (3) descending limb (4) membranous urethra (5) prostatic urethra A) 1, 3, 5 B) 2, 4 C) 4, 2, 1 D) 5, 4, 2 E) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

D) 5, 4, 2

16) Which structure separates the parietal and visceral epithelia of the glomerular capsule? A) renal column B) vascular pole C) lobar space D) capsular space E) renal papilla

D) capsular space

40) The mechanism whereby benign enlargement of the prostate affects urinary function in older men may be due to which of the following? A) compression of the membranous urethra B) compression of the body of the bladder C) compression of the opening of the ureters into the bladder D) compression of the prostatic urethra E) deterioration of the detrusor muscle

D) compression of the prostatic urethra

2) The entry point for the renal artery and the exit for the renal vein and ureter is the ________. A) renal sinus B) minor calyx C) collecting duct D) hilum E) major calyx

D) hilum

35) Urine reaches the urinary bladder by ________. A) the force of gravity B) suction from the empty bladder C) differential pressure exerted on the ureters by the movements of the digestive organs D) peristalsis E) the action of vasopressin

D) peristalsis

6) The inner mucosa of each ureter is lined by ________. A) simple ciliated columnar epithelium B) stratified columnar epithelium C) simple cuboidal epithelium D) transitional epithelium E) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

D) transitional epithelium

2) Which of the following are the blood vessels at the boundary of the cortex and medulla of the kidney? A) interlobar artery and vein B) cortical radiate artery and vein C) glomerular artery and vein D) segmental artery and vein E) arcuate artery and vein

E) arcuate artery and vein

33) The three layers of the muscularis layer of the urinary bladder are collectively known as which of the following? A) external urethral sphincter B) trigone C) ductus deferens D) internal urethral sphincter E) detrusor muscle

E) detrusor muscle