Ch. 28 - Invertebrate Evolution

Bilaterally symmetrical animals A. tend to be active and move forward. B. tend to exhibit cephalization. C. have right and left sides when cut longitudinally. D. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Which statement most accurately describes the colonial flagellate hypothesis? A. Animals are descended from an ancestor that resembles a spherical colony of flagellated cells. B. Both animals and fungi are descended from an ancestor that resembles a spherical colony of flagellated cells. C. All animals are descended from an ancestor that resembles a single celled organism that was a flagellated cell. D. None of these describe the colonial flagellate hypothesis.

Animals are descended from an ancestor that resembles a spherical colony of flagellated cells.

Which method of reproduction is used by members of Phylum Echinodermata? A. sexual B. asexual C. budding D. fragmentation E. Both sexual and asexual

Both sexual and asexual

Identify the features unique to protostome development. A. Coelom forms by a splitting of the mesoderm, the blastophore becomes the mouth and the cleavage is spiral. B. Coelom forms by a splitting of the mesoderm, the blastophore becomes the anus and the cleavage is spiral. C. Coelom forms by a splitting of the mesoderm, the blastophore becomes the mouth and the cleavage is radial. D. None of the features listed are unique to the protostomes.

Coelom forms by a splitting of the mesoderm, the blastophore becomes the mouth and the cleavage is spiral.

Which phyla are classified in the Deuterostomia? A. Mollusca & Chordata B. Arthropoda & Vertebrata C. Chordata & Vertebrata D. Echinodermata & Chordata E. Annelida & Mollusca

Echinodermata & Chordata

Which reproductive method would most likely lead to the greatest chance of success in sea stars? A. fragmentation B. sexual reproduction C. budding D. None of these methods would be successful.

Fragmentation

Which statement is NOT correct about the roundworms? A. There are three layers of tissues in the body. B. Roundworms have a tube-within-a-tube body plan. C. There is an internal body cavity called a pseudocoelom. D. Roundworms have a smooth unsegmented outside body wall. E. Roundworms are all parasitic.

Roundworms are all parasitic.

If you live on a river delta or coastline, you may not be able to eat the local shellfish because of high levels of toxins, even though you may be able to drink the water taken from the same source. Why? A. Shellfish seasonally produce toxic substances. B. Shellfish regularly consume poisonous red tide organisms. C. Most harmless native clams have been replaced by bad species. D. Shellfish filter-feed and concentrate the dilute pollutants from the water, thus acting as early warning indicators of severe pollution.

Shellfish filter-feed and concentrate the dilute pollutants from the water, thus acting as early warning indicators of severe pollution.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the sponges? A. If the cells of a sponge are mechanically separated, they will spontaneously reassemble into a complete and functioning sponge. B. Sponges have two tissue layers. C. Sponges have an osculum, an opening in the upper body. D. Sponges are filter feeders. E. Sponges can reproduce sexually or asexually.

Sponges have two tissue layers.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about cnidaria? A. The adult body is bilaterally symmetrical. B. Most are found in shallow coastal marine environments. C. There are two tissue layers, an outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis. D. Stinging cells contain a threadlike nematocyst released to capture prey. E. A jellylike mesoglea separates the two tissue layers.

The adult body is bilaterally symmetrical.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all animals? A. Animals are heterotrophic by ingestion or absorption. B. Animals produce gametes by meiosis. C. Animals digest their food internally. D. Animals are multicellular eukaryotes. E. The adult form is diploid in an alternation of generation life cycle

The adult form is diploid in an alternation of generation life cycle.

Which statement is NOT true about echinoderms? A. The exoskeleton is made of spiny plates. B. Gas exchange occurs through skin gills and tube feet. C. Larvae are free-swimming and bilaterally symmetrical. D. A water vascular system allows the tube feet to produce suction. E. Symmetry is radial in the adult, usually with parts in fives or multiples of five.

The exoskeleton is made of spiny plates.

What is the function of the buds formed by hydras? A. They aid in digestion. B. They develop into cnidocytes and can be used in defense. C. They develop into the nerve net and are used to detect prey. D. They produce new epidermal tissue to replace the old tissue. E. They are a form of asexual reproduction.

They are a form of asexual reproduction.

Identify which of the following feature(s) are found in the cnidarians but not in the comb jellies. A. They are free swimming invertebrates. B. They contain a capsule called a nematocyst. C. Produce movement by the beating of cilia. D. Much of the body is composed of a jellylike substance called mesoglea. E. These species can be found in the marine environment.

They contain a capsule called a nematocyst.

Earthworms possess both male and female organs on separate segments; thus, mating consists of "parallel parking" in opposite directions and cross-fertilizing. Given this, which of the following is (are) true? A. This is evidence of a primitive state that is generally less efficient than separate sexes. B. This is primarily to allow them to self-fertilize if no other worm is in their sector of the soil. C. This is an advantage since they can mate with any other earthworm of the same species that they encounter. D. Maintaining any system not clearly male or female is disadvantageous; the earthworm is trapped in an evolutionary dead end.

This is an advantage since they can mate with any other earthworm of the same species that they encounter.

Which body structure describes the freshwater hydra? A. a swimming medusa with the mouth pointing downward B. a swimming medusa with the mouth pointing upward C. a sessile medusa with the mouth pointing upward D. a sessile polyp form with the mouth pointing downward E. a freely moving polyp with the mouth pointing upward

a sessile polyp form with the mouth pointing downward

Sea stars and sea urchins operate their tube feet by A. a water vascular system that regulates water pressure. B. cilia transporting hemolymph from chamber to chamber. C. sticky threads leading from the mouth and primitive brain. D. actin and myosin fibers that slide and give muscle actions to the five arms or "rays."

a water vascular system that regulates water pressure.

Which of the following features is not one of the key features that led to the success of the arthropods? A. segmented body B. exoskeleton C. brain and a ventral nerve cord D. contain a variety of respiratory organs E. All are features that made arthropods successful.

all are features that made arthropods successful.

Flukes are divided into Monogenea and Digenea. Monogenea have a posterior holdfast with hooks, clamps, and suckers; Digenea have suckers but never hooks and clamps. Monogenea have only one host in the life cycle, and usually live on gills or skin of fish and amphibians; Digenea have at least two hosts and often three or more, and are named because they have two reproductive states in their life cycle (an adult and intramolluscan phase). From what you now know, the blood fluke Schistosoma would therefore be A. an endoparasite and Monogenean. B. an endoparasite and Digenean. C. an ectoparasite and Digenean. D. an ectoparasite and Monogenean.

an endoparasite and Digenean.

Which of these statements is NOT correct about the flatworms? Flatworm(s) A. embryos are triploblastic. B. are deuterostomes. C. have a sac body plan with an incomplete gut. D. are free-living or parasitic. E. are in Phylum Platyhelminthes.

are deuterostomes.

In deuterostomes, A. cleavage is radial and the fate of the cells is indeterminate. B. spiral cleavage occurs. C. the fate of cells is fixed and determinate. D. the mouth appears at or near the blastopore.

cleavage is radial and the fate of the cells is indeterminate.

A person working in a rice paddy in Asia becomes infected with the liver fluke by A. eating infected snails. B. drinking water contaminated with eggs. C. eating infected fish that was undercooked or raw. D. swimming or wading in infected water, where the cercariae enter the skin.

eating infected undercooked or uncooked fish.

Human tapeworm infections occur by A. eating insufficiently cooked infected pork or beef. B. being bitten by a mosquito. C. ingesting eggs in contaminated water. D. eating freshly peeled fruit. E. All of the choices are correct.

eating insufficiently cooked infected pork or beef.

Periodically shedding their outer covering is a feature unique to the ________ A. ecdysozoans. B. echonodermata. C. mollusca. D. lophotrochozoans. E. bryozoans.

ecdysozoans.

T/F: Unique features of animals include ingesting their food, having a cell wall and the ability to move at some point in their life cycle.

false

Marine annelids (polychaetes) are different than earthworms in that polychaetes A. lack the setae that earthworms have. B. have paddle-like parapodia that earthworms do not have. C. have segments, whereas marine annelids do not. D. lack a larval form, whereas earthworms have a larvae form. E. marine annelids have a well developed coelom, whereas earthworms do not.

have paddle-like parapodia that earthworms do not have.

The major insect body parts are A. head, cephalothorax, and abdomen. B. cephalothorax, midsection, and abdomen. C. head, thorax, and abdomen. D. head, prothorax, and metathorax. E. head, cephalothorax, and genitalia.

head, thorax, and abdomen.

Which of the listed organisms do not possess the necessary features to be classified as a member of phylum Mollusca? A. clams B. squids C. lobsters D. nautiluses E. snails

lobsters

Animals are classified according to all of the following features EXCEPT A. presence or absence of segmentation. B. mode of reproduction. C. type of body symmetry. D. number of germ layers. E. molecular data.

mode of reproduction.

Which of these is a bivalve? A. slug B. octopus C. earthworm D. snail E. oyster

oyster

Roundworms and arthropods are both ecdysozoans. This means they A. have a trochophore larvae. B. have a body cavity that is completely lined with mesoderm. C. have the anus arise at or near the blastopore. D. periodically shed their outer covering. E. No answer choice is correct.

periodically shed their outer covering.

The easiest method of preventing sea stars from moving is to ____________. A. plug their madreporite B. cut off 2 of their arms C. squeeze the tube feet as they are extended from the body D. lay them on their arboreal side E. None of these actions would prevent a sea star from moving.

plug their madreporite

The segments of a tapeworm that contain female and male sex organs are called A. proglottids. B. cercariae. C. sporocysts. D. scolexes. E. glycocalyxes.

proglottids.

In _______, the mouth develops at or near the blastopore. A. gastrocoelomates B. blastocoelomates C. protostomes D. deuterostomes E. triploblastics

protostomes

A unique species of snail has been discovered in the Negev Desert. At night, these snails use a toothlike rasping organ in their head to scrape up porous limestone; they then digest the algae that lived in the rock pores. This scraping organ is the A. labial palp. B. radula. C. mantle. D. tentacle. E. crop.

radula.

Name one of the smallest, if not the smallest, animals that are sometimes referred to as "wheel animalcules." A. planaria B. parasitic mites C. fruit flies D. parasitic E. rotifers

rotifers

Identify the organisms that belong to the phylum that are included in the Deuterostomia. A. octopuses & sea stars B. polychaetes and roundworms C. sea stars and crocodiles D. tapeworms and mollusks E. blood flukes and crustaceans

sea stars and crocodiles

A recent study of the marine hawksbill turtles' stomach contents revealed that sponges constitute a major portion of their diet. Sponge beds are generally protected from predators by their calcium and silica crystals, but these were found in the turtles' digestive systems. These protective structures are called A. amoebocytes. B. osculum. C. choanocytes. D. spicules. E. spongin.

spicules.

Which of the following are NOT cnidaria? A. corals B. sponges C. sea anemones D. hydrozoa E. Portuguese man-of-war

sponges

The only animal in which digestion occurs within cells is A. comb jellies. B. flatworms. C. sponges. D. cnidarians.

sponges.

The lophotrochozoans can be divided into two groups, which include A. the protostomes and the deuterostomes. B. the comb jellies and the cnidarians. C. those that reproduce sexually and those that reproduce asexually. D. the lophophorates and the trochozoans.

the lophophorates and the trochozoans.

T/F: Metamorphosis is a change in form and physiology that occurs during the development of an insect.

true

T/F: The structure that directs food into the body of a rotifer is called the corona.

true

Which phylum contains the greatest diversity of animal species? A. Mollusca B. Arthropoda C. Chordata D. Echinodermata E. Annelida

Arthropoda

Which of the following features are found within the lophotrochozoa? A. Bilateral symmetry at some point in their life, three germ layers as embryos, are aquatic, and are classified as protostomes. B. Bilateral symmetry at some point in their life, two germ layers as embryos, are aquatic, and are classified as protostomes. C. Bilateral symmetry at some point in their life, three germ layers as embryos, are aquatic, and are classified as deuterostomes. D. Bilateral symmetry at some point in their life, three germ layers as embryos, are terrestrial, and are classified as protostomes. E. Radial symmetry at some point in their life, three germ layers as embryos, are aquatic, and are classified as protostomes.

Bilateral symmetry at some point in their life, three germ layers as embryos, are aquatic, and are classified as protostomes.

Which statement concerning body symmetry is not correct? A. In radial symmetry, two identical halves are obtained regardless of how the animal is sliced longitudinally. B. The evolution of bilateral symmetry is accompanied by cephalization. C. Asymmetrical animals have no body shape. D. Bilaterally symmetric animals are usually sessile. E. Radial symmetry is useful because the animals can reach out in all directions.

Bilaterally symmetric animals are usually sessile.

Which list of traits is characteristic of the ecdysozoans? A. Periodically shed their outer covering, non-segmented body plan and pseudocoelom on some, contain an exoskeleton and undergo metamorphosis. B. Periodically shed their outer covering, non-segmented body plan and contain a layer of jellylike fluid called mesoglea, contain an exoskeleton and undergo metamorphosis. C. Periodically shed their outer covering, segmented body plan and pseudocoelom on some, contain an endoskeleton and undergo metamorphosis. D. None of the these are correct.

Periodically shed their outer covering, non-segmented body plan and pseudocoelom on some, contain an exoskeleton and undergo metamorphosis.

Which of the following features is common among the roundworms as well as the arthropods? A. Periodically shed their outer covering. B. Radial symmetry. C. Endoskeleton. D. Undergo metamorphosis. E. Segmentation is readily apparent.

Periodically shed their outer covering.

Molluscs share a three-part body plan consisting of a A. scolex, proglottids, and an anus. B. corona, stomach, and intestines. C. visceral mass, mantle, and foot. D. eyespots, digestive system, and nervous system.

visceral mass, mantle, and foot.