Ch 29,30 Concept Check (Multiple Choice)

The development of the __________ allowed plants to exist on land. Algae do not have this feature. - cuticle - charophyceans - gametangia - bryophytes - gymnosperms

cuticle

During the Carboniferous period, forests consisting mainly of ____ produced vast quantities of organic matter, which was buried and later became coal. - early angiosperms - ferns and other seedless - plants - giant mosses - gymnosperms - gymnosperms and early - angiosperms

ferns and other seedless plants

In a flowering plant, meiosis occurs within the _____, producing a spore that develops into a female gametophyte. - fruit - seed - stamen - anther - ovule

ovule

After fertilization, the _____ develops into a seed and the _____ develops into a fruit.

ovule ... ovary

The male gametophyte in pine is commonly known as _____.

pollen

A plant is said to be cross-pollinated if __________. - pollen grains are transferred to a flower on a different plant - it is pollinated by wind - it is pollinated by insects - its source of pollen is a different species of plant - pollen grains are transferred from a different flower on the same plant

pollen grains are transferred to a flower on a different plant

Both gymnosperms and angiosperms have _____.

pollen, seeds, and ovules

Male floral parts include __________.

stamens: anthers and filaments

The portion of the flower that receives the pollen is the _____.

stigma

What structures allow plants to readily take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

stomata

What do the "mono-" and "-di-" refer to in "monocots" and "dicots"?

the number of "seed leaves"

At current rates of deforestation, tropical rain forests will be eliminated in ______ years. - 10 - 25 - 100 - 250 - 1,000

25

In cells entering prophase of mitosis in the gametophyte of a fern species that has a diploid number (2n) of 14, there would be _____. - 14 pairs of chromosomes, each chromosome consisting of two chormatids - 7 chromosomes, each chromosome consisting of two chromatids - 14 unpaired chromosomes, each chromosome consisting of two chromatids - 7 pairs of chromosomes, each chromosome consisting of two chromatids - 7 chromosomes

7 chromosomes, each chromosome consisting of two chromatids

Land plants arose during the _____. (p. 582) Cambrian Jurassic Ordovician Carboniferous Cretaceous

Cambrian

You find a wildflower that has large, brilliantly colored petals, but it has no odor. What can you deduce about its pollinators? - Its pollinators locate flowers by visual cues rather than by smell. - Most likely it is pollinated by flies. - Its pollinators are rewarded with nectar. - It is probably wind-pollinated. - This plant will be extinct soon because it is not likely to attract any pollinators.

Its pollinators locate flowers by visual cues rather than by smell.

_______ is found in woody tissues; _______ protect(s) pollen grains from environmental damage.

Lignin ... sporopollenin

Gymnosperms were most abundant during the _____. Paleozoic Precambrian Cenozoic Carboniferous Mesozoic

Mesozoic

Which one of the following is true of seed plants, but not of seedless plants? - The sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte. - The sporophyte is large, and the gametophyte is small and independent. - The gametophyte is reduced and dependent on the sporophyte. - The spore is the main means of dispersing the offspring. - Ferns are a type of seed plant.

The gametophyte is reduced and dependent on the sporophyte.

Strolling through the woods, you would be least likely to notice which of the following? - a moss gametophyte - a fern gametophyte - an angiosperm sporophyte - a fern sporophyte - the dikaryotic stage of a fungus

a fern gametophyte

Both mosses and ferns possess _____. - a free-living sporophyte - a free-living gametophyte - a gametophyte that is dependent on the sporophyte - a sporophyte that is dependent on the gametophyte - none of the above

a free-living gametophyte

The diploid sporophyte stage is dominant in the life cycle of all of the following EXCEPT _____. - a pine tree - a dandelion - a rose bush - a fern - a moss

a moss

Aggregate fruit is formed from __________; simple fruit is formed from _______; and multiple fruit is formed from ________.

a single flower with several separate ovaries ... a single ovary ... the fusion of ovaries of separate flowers

Mosses __________. - live in dense colonies - have no roots, stems, or leaves - prevent soil erosion - have commercial value - all of the above

all of the above

A fern differs from a moss in that it has _____.

an independent sporophyte

A pea pod is formed from ____. A pea inside the pod is formed from ____.

an ovary ... an ovule

Most of the seeds used for human consumption come from __________. - angiosperms - gymnosperms - gnetophytes - ginkgoes - cycads

angiosperms

Meiosis will produce microspores in the _____.

anther The diploid plant, the sporophyte, produces haploid spores by meiosis. Within the anther's sporangia, or pollen sacs, diploid microsporocytes undergo meiosis, each forming four haploid microspores.

In the process of pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the _____ to the _____. - ovary ... anther - stigma ... ovary - anther ... sepal - carpel ... stigma - anther ... stigma

anther ... stigma

All seed plants ____________. - produce flowers - are heterosporous - produce antheridia and archegonia on the same gametophyte - exhibit a dominant gametophyte generation - are nonvascular

are heterosporous

Small nonvascular plants that lack a specialized conduction system are called __________.

bryophytes

Seedless plants include __________. - bryophytes, ferns, and horsetails - only nonvascular plants - bryophytes and gymnosperms - mosses and angiosperms - all of the above

bryophytes, ferns, and horsetails

How are gametes produced by bryophytes?

by mitosis of gametophyte cells

The "female" structures of angiosperms are called __________, and they produce __________.

carpels ... ovules

Some plants have evolved to attract specific animals. The animal receives a meal and the plant is assured that its pollen will not be wasted on plants of different species. Through time, the plant gets better at attracting that animal and the animal gets more specialized for feeding on that plant. This type of long-term interplay between populations is referred to as _____.

coevolution

Fern gametophytes are _____.

free-living, multicellular organisms (Ferns produce small heart-shaped gametophytes that sustain themselves by photosynthesis and produce haploid gametes.)

In ferns the leaves are called _____.

fronds

When you see a green, "leafy" moss, you are looking at the _____ generation.

gametophyte generation

An explorer found a plant that had roots, stems, and leaves. It had no flowers but produced seeds. This plant sounds like a(n) _____.

gymnosperm

All gametophytes are _____.

haploid

Fern spores are __________, and the familiar, "leafy" fern plant itself is __________.

haploid ... diploid

The innovation essential to the survival of bryophytes on land was _____.

he retention of the egg within the archegonium

In gymnosperms, the seed coat develops from the integuments. In angiosperms, the seed coat develops from the ____. ovary wall pericarp endosperm female gametophyte integuments

integuments

Outdoors, where would you look for a fern gametophyte?

on moist soil

A fruit is a mature _____.

ovary

Alternation of generations _____. - is unique to plants - is distinguished by a unicellular haploid stage and a multicellular diploid generation - consists of a diploid gametophyte stage alternating with a haploid sporophyte stage - is distinguished by haploid and diploid stages that are both multicellular - in extant plants cycles between homomorphic stages

is distinguished by haploid and diploid stages that are both multicellular

The gametophyte generation of a moss ______. - produces spores - is dependent on the sporophyte - has tracheids, but no vessel elements - is haploid - is rarely encountered, compared with the sporophyte

is haploid

Most bryophytes, such as mosses, differ from all other plants in that they _____.

lack vascular tissue

All heterosporous plants produce

megaspores that develop into female gametophytes and microspores that develop into male gametophytes

Which of the following produce eggs and sperm? - the fruiting bodies of a fungus - fern sporophytes - moss gametophytes - the anthers of a flower - moss sporangia

moss gametophytes

Most plant systematists believe that, of all the bryophytes, _____ are most closely related to vascular plants. - hornworts - ferns - mosses - gemmae - liverworts

mosses

The gametophyte stage of the plant life cycle is most conspicuous in _____. - ferns - mosses - angiosperms - gymnosperms - seed plants

mosses

Which of the following are nonvascular but have adaptations that green algae lack (such as a cuticle and stomata)? - mosses - ferns - horsetails - lycophytes - brown algae

mosses

The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always _____. - produces spores - is called the gametophyte - is larger and more conspicuous than the haploid stage - develops from a spore - produces eggs and sperm

produces spores

The fern gametophyte is called a _____.

prothallus

The eggs of seed plants are fertilized within ovules, and the ovules then develop into _____.

seeds

Select the INCORRECT association. - petals ... attraction to pollinators - sepals ... containment of sporangia - stamens ... development of male gametophytes - carpels ... development of female gametophytes - stamens ... filament and anther

sepals ... containment of sporangia

Gametangia are__________. - single-celled in algae, multicellular in most plants - multicellular in algae, single-celled in most plants - responsible for the plant's ability to retain moisture in arid environments - the site of development of the fertilized egg in algae - the site of gamete fertilization in all fungi

single-celled in algae, multicellular in most plants

Double fertilization __________. - requires a single sperm cell to fertilize both the egg and the central cell - is essentially unique to flowering plants - occurs when one sperm cell fertilizes the egg, and the other fuses with the central cell to become the endosperm - the first and third choices - the second and third choices

the second and third choices

To examine meiosis in ferns, you would study _____.

the sporangia

Ferns and mosses are mostly limited to moist environments because _____.

they have swimming sperm

Which evolutionary advance gave the gymnosperms an adaptive advantage at the time they were evolving? - cuticle - seed - fruit - leaf - vascular tissue

vascular tissue

Lycophytes are better adapted to life on land than true mosses because lycophytes have something that true mosses lack. What is it?

vascular tissues for the transport of water and nutrients from the soil