Ch 3 and 4

What is considered appropriate personal space when conducting business in the United States?

5-8 feet

Belinda sneered when she was told that cattle were allowed to roam the streets in certain countries. She said, "We would never allow that in America." Belinda's response demonstrates which concept?

Ethnocentrism

___ is judging another's culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture.

Ethnocentrism

True or false: Folkways are atypical morally significant actions in everyday life.

False

True or false: The base for the adjustment when applying purchasing power parity is the cost of living in the poorest economic sector. True false question.

False

What are three characteristics of Confucianism?

High ethical conduct High moral standards Loyal to others

Culture that is defined as a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living stems from the work of which expert?

Hofstede

Which two phrases reflect the economic implications of Islam?

Hold property as trustees, rather than as owners (per Western definition of ownership) Cannot earn profit through exploitation of others

What are three of the dimensions Hofstede identified and studied?

Individualism vs collectivism Power distance Masculinity vs femininity

What major world religion is based on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad?

Islam

What directs the attention of a society to specific features of the world and structures how people perceive them?

Language

What are three of the determinants of culture?

Political philosophy Social structure Economic philosophy

______ is the Hofstede dimension that describes the extent to which individuals do not have the same levels of physical and intellectual capability

Power distance

The Reformation movement in the sixteenth century led to the establishment of

Protestantism

______ is/are something that one believes in and follows with some measure of devotion.

Religion

What is part of the "hidden curriculum" of schools?

Respect for others Being on time Obedience to authority

Which major Christian organization accounts for more than half of its members?

Roman Catholic

What are the four principles of social stratification?

Social stratification involves beliefs as well as inequality, Social stratification is generally universal. Social stratification carries over to the next generation. Social stratification is a trait of society.

Buddhism has all the same basic beliefs as Hinduism except for _____.

Support for the caste system Advocacy of extreme ascetic behavior

The GNI per capita of a country is $5,000, but the PPP per capita is $8,000. What can be inferred from the given data?

The cost of living is lower in that country than the United States.

True or False: While religion can influence the values and norms of society, the values and norms of society can also impact religion.

True

True or false: Cultures can embrace several nations. True false question.

True

True or false: Education provides a competitive economic advantage through the creation of a pool of skilled and educated workers.

True

True or false: Spoken language not only allows people to communicate with each other, but structures the way people perceive the world.

True

Which situation can make measuring economic activity differences difficult? Multiple choice question.

Unrecorded cash transactions activity

Mallory grew up in a rural community and she knows that even though she has a master's degree in finance, she will always be considered a "country bumpkin" in her society. Her thoughts reflect the idea of _____.

class consciousness

The ______ system is a less rigid form of social stratification than the _____ system.

class; caste

Class ______ is an awareness of one's social or economic rank in society.

consciousness

Understanding how cultural differences across and within nations affect the way business is practiced is known as ______ literacy.

cross-cultural

There is a need for every business in the international marketplace to understand the prevailing culture in the countries that they are doing business in. This is known as

cross-cultural literacy

A system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living is called

culture

Fifty years ago, it was not widely accepted that a woman could hold a senior management position. Of course, today this is a common reality. This demonstrates how ______ can change over time.

culture

Hofstede studied how ______ relates to values in the workplace.

culture

In parts of Canada, you will find both English-speaking communities and French-speaking communities. This illustrates that language helps shape the way people perceive the world, and it also helps define ______.

culture

Amartya Sen would agree that

development should address basic health care and education needs.

Culture can best be described as a ______ phenomenon.

dynamic

When the new neighbors moved in, Naghma told her family it would be appropriate for them to make a batch of cookies and take them over to the neighbors and introduce themselves. This social convention is an example of a(n) _____.

folkway

When discussing Islam, the Koran actually promotes _____. Multiple choice question.

free enterprise

The measure of the total annual income received by residents of a nation is called _____.

gross national income

A(n) ______ consists of at least two individuals who have a shared sense of identity and interact in structured ways.

group

According to Hofstede, societies with strict codes of behavior, rules, and laws score ______ on the uncertainty avoidance index.

high

The Hofstede dimension that is focused on the degree to which people in a society are integrated into groups is

individualism versus collectivism

According to Hofstede, if the ties between people are loose, it is most likely a sign of a(n) ______ society.

individualistic

A caste system is a type of social structure that divides people on the basis of _____. Multiple choice question.

inherited social status

The development of new products, new processes, new organizations, new management practices and new strategies is called ______.

innovations

The economic principles of Islam prohibit a bank from paying or receiving _____

interest

As the result of criticism of his original work, Hofstede went on to expand his model with the addition of which dimension?

long-term vs short-term orientation

Confucianism values harmonious relationships, which are based on moral and ethical conduct and ______.

loyal to others

Hindus believe that an individual can achieve a state of complete spiritual perfection known as _____ by practicing material and physical self-denial.

nirvana

There is a _____ one-to-one relationship between a society and a nation-state.

non-strict

Unspoken language is another way to describe ______ communication.

nonverbal

In the ______ dimension by Hofstede, it is recognized that people are not equal in physical and intellectual capabilities.

power distance

A system of shared beliefs and rituals based on sacred thought is the definition of _____.

religion

What has made a major contribution to society's emphasis on extended social groups?

social media

The movement of the members of a particular society in terms of their social status from one group to another is an example of

social mobility

A class system is characterized by the fact that a person can move from one ______ to another.

social strata

All societies are divided on a hierarchical basis into social categories called _____.

social strata

The _____ of a society refers to how it is organized in terms of its values, norms, and societal relationships.

social structure

The basic social organization of a society is known as social _____.

structure

What is the Hofstede dimension that measures a society's tolerance for ambiguity?

uncertainty avoidance

In a caste system, change in position is _____ during one's lifetime.

usually not possible