ch 3

bloom's taxonomy

A classification of thinking skills developed by Benjamin Bloom. In order of increasing complexity, they are knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.

false dichotomy

A fallacy which involves setting up a situation in which it looks like there are only two possible options, if one option is discredited, the other must be accepted, is known as _____.

bias

A personal inclination that may prevent unprejudiced consideration of a question.

brainstorming

A process of generating ideas for solutions in a group of people.

curiosity, flexibility, looking for the second right answer, combining things in new ways, thinking metaphorically, and questioning the way things are.

Creative thinking involves, but is not limited to, _________

learned and practiced

Creative thinking is a deliberate process that can be _______.

fallacies

Defects in logic that weaken arguments.

critical and creative

Effective problem solving involves_______ thinking

personalizations

If you don't want to support a senator's education bill because he's had marital problems then this is an example of _____ fallacy.

critical & creative thinking

Problem solving is effectively achieved by applying both _________ to generate viable solutions and decisions.

critical thinking

The ability to discover the value of an idea, a set of beliefs, a claim, or an argument. It requires you to use logic and reasoning to evaluate evidence or information to make a decision or reach a conclusion.

creative thinking

The ability to look at things from a new perspective, to come up with fresh solutions to problems. It is a deliberate process that allows you to think in ways that increase the likelihood of generating new ideas or thoughts. ‹ PreviousNext › PREVIOUSFLASHCARDSQUIZNEXT

Define the problem, Narrow the problem, Generate solutions, Choose the solution

There are four steps to effective problem solving:

generalizations

Thinking that all engineering students are nerds is an example of _____ fallacy.

critical (evaluative) thinking & creative thinking

Two very important thinking skills for success in college and life are ______.

logical fallacies

Weaknesses in arguments are most commonly ________. Recognizing them will help you evaluate the strength of an argument effectively.

evaluation

Which of the following is the most complex thinking skill according to Bloom's taxonomy?

Identify who is responsible for making the decision

Which of the following represents the first step of decision making?

what is the real issue?

While solving a problem, identifty the first question that you will have to answer?

Critical

____ thinking involves evaluating the strength of ideas or concepts by asking questions about them. Critical thinking will also allow you to identify and weed out logical fallacies that weaken an academic argument.

Creative

____ thinking is the process of generating new ideas, concepts, or solutions. This often involves adapting existing ideas or combining them in new ways to create a new solution.

Brainstorming

_____ is a good method for generating creative solutions.

Critical thinking

_______ involves evaluating the strength of your arguments, data, and information.

everyone does it

fallacy: Also known by its Latin name (ad populum, or "against many"). Justifying an issue based solely on the number of people involved.

personalizations

fallacy: Also known by their Latin names (ad hominem, or "against the man," and tu quoque, or "you too"). Inserting personalities inappropriately into an argument. Common in political arguments.

false cause

fallacy: Drawing improper conclusions through sequencing. If A comes before B, then A causes B.

generalizations

fallacy: Making assumptions about a whole group of people (or data) based on an inadequate sample.

false dichotomy

fallacy: Setting up a situation in which it looks like there are only two possible options. If one option is discredited, the other must be accepted.

appealing to authority

fallacy: Using an endorsement from someone as a primary reason for supporting a point of view.

weak analogy

fallacy: Using irrelevant similarities in two objects to draw a conclusion.

personalizations

how to avoid the ______ fallacy: Focus on the merits and supporting data of an argument, not on the personality or behavior of the people making the arguments.

appealing to authority

how to avoid the ______ fallacy: Quoting authorities is a valuable tool to build an argument, but make sure the authorities you quote are truly subject matter experts on the issue you are discussing.

everyone does it

how to avoid the ______ fallacy: The popular position is not always the right one. Be wary of arguments that rely exclusively on one set of numbers.

generalizations

how to avoid the ______ fallacy: What kind of sample are you using? Is it large enough to support the conclusions? You may want to increase your sample size or draw a more modest conclusion by using the word "some" or "many."

false cause

how to avoid the ______ fallacy: When making causal statements, be sure you can explain the process through which A causes B beyond their mere sequence.

appealing to authority

if you oppose higher taxes because your favorite baseball player also opposes higher taxes, this is an example of _____ fallacy.

evaluating

thinking skill: Assessing, making judgments, and drawing conclusions from ideas, information, or data. Critiquing the value and usefulness of material. This skill encompasses most of what is commonly referred to as critical thinking; this skill will be called on frequently during your college years and beyond. Critical thinking is the first focus of this chapter.

analyzing

thinking skill: Breaking material or concepts into key elements and determining how the parts relate to one another or to an overall structure or purpose. Mental actions included in this skill are examining, contrasting or differentiating, separating, categorizing, experimenting, and deducing. You most likely started developing this skill in high school (particularly in science course) and will continue to practice it in college.

understanding

thinking skill: Interpreting, constructing meaning, inferring, or explaining material from written, spoken, or graphic sources. Reading is the most common understanding skill; these skills are developed starting with early education.

creating

thinking skill: Putting parts together or reorganizing them in a new way, form, or product. This process is the most difficult mental function. This skill will make you stand out in college and is in very high demand in the workforce. Creative thinking is the second focus of this chapter.

remembering and recalling

thinking skill: Retrieving or repeating information or ideas from memory. This is the first and most basic thinking skill you develop (starting as a toddler with learning numbers, letters, and colors).

applying

thinking skill: Using learned material or implementing material in new situations. This skill is commonly used starting in middle school (in some cases earlier).

knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation

what are the classifications of thinking skills ranked in order of complexity: