CH 3 - Prenatal Dev Hmwk

During the ____ stage of birth (which is called the "descent and emergence of the baby" stage), the mother bears down hard to push the baby out of her body; this stage typically lasts 45-60 minutes.

2nd

True or false: Drinking one or two servings of beer or wine a few days a week during pregnancy can cause negative effects on the fetus.

True

The embryonic period occurs from ____ weeks to eight weeks after conception.

two

Which of the following are psychoactive drugs? (select all that apply): Caffeine Nicotine Aspirin Alcohol Antibiotics Marijuana

Caffeine Nicotine Alcohol Marijuana

What can the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) be used to assess? Newborn's reflexes Newborn's capacity to development an attachment to caregivers Newborn's reaction to people and objects Newborn's neurological development

Newborn's reflexes Newborn's reaction to people and objects Newborn's neurological development

Which term best describes infants that are born three weeks or more before the pregnancy has reached its full term? Preterm Low-weight Small for date Terminal

Preterm

___ rugs act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods. (Please be aware of spelling!)

Psychoactive

Prenatal development is divided into what three periods? fetal embryonic germinal preconception

fetal embryonic germinal

The attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall is referred to as ______. fertilization cell division implantation burrowing

implantation

During the germinal period, the zygote is undergoing rapid ______. mitosis manufacturing meiosis blastocysts

mitosis

The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale is performed to assess the baby's ______ competence. physiological neurological mental emotional

neurological

Which are drugs that may be used for labor? corticosteroids antibiotics oxytocin/Pitocin beta-blockers analgesia anesthesia

oxytocin/Pitocin analgesia anesthesia

Which of the following are true statements about the first stage of birth? Select all that apply: The baby's head enters the birth canal. Contractions become more frequent and intense. The cervix dilates to approximately 10 cm. It typically lasts 45-60 minutes.

Contractions become more frequent and intense. The cervix dilates to approximately 10 cm.

In the third stage of birth, the placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes are expelled from the uterus. This stage of birth is called the ____

afterbirth

The life-support system that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats is known as the ______. ovum spinal fluid placenta amnion

amnion

The developing embryo floats in the ____ , which resembles a bag or an envelope and contains a clear fluid.

amnion (embryo sac)

Anesthesia, oxytocin, and ____ are the three main kinds of drugs used when a woman is in labor.

analgesia

Barbiturates, tranquilizers, and narcotics are examples of ______ used to relieve pain during labor. neurotransmitters analgesics anesthesias steroids

analgesics

Research indicates that high doses of what nonprescription drug can contribute to fetal bleeding? antacids acne skin creams antihistamines aspirin

aspirin

Approximately one week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begins, the group of cells is called the __

blastocyst

Typical prenatal development lasts how many weeks? 38 to 40 25 to 35 30 to 40 35 to 40

38 to 40

The span between conception and birth usually lasts 38 to ___ weeks.

40

Which of the following prescription drugs can function as a teratogen? (select all that apply) Low doses of aspirin Antibiotics Synthetic estrogen Acne medications

Antibiotics Synthetic estrogen Acne medications

In the period shortly after birth, a connection between the parent and the infant forms. This attachment is known as: critical period affection bonding (2) kangaroo care

bonding (2)

In the germinal period, the zygote undergoes rapid ___ division

cell

Match the time frame of prenatal growth with the name of the developing organism: ZYGOTE conception to two weeks post-conception two weeks to eight weeks, post-conception two months post-conception to birth

conception to two weeks post-conception

Approximately one week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begins, the zygote is now a group of cells called the ______. trophoblast embryo fetus blastocyst

blastocyst (2)

The formation of a connection, especially a physical one, between parent and infant shortly after birth is known as ____. (Remember to type only one word in the blank.)

bonding

____, which begins the week after conception, is the specialization of cells.

differentiation

FASD may occur in offspring whose mothers ______ during pregnancy. consumed too much coffee took prescription drugs drank alcohol smoked cigarettes

drank alcohol

After the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall, the mass of cells is known as the ______. endoderm zygote cell embryo

embryo

Between two and eight weeks post-conception, the developing mass of cells is called a(n) _____ (Remember to type only one word in the blank.) (2)

embryo (2)

Once the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall, it is called a(n) ________. zygote trophoblast egg embryo (3)

embryo (3)

The period that occurs from two to eight weeks after conception is known as the ______. embryonic period endoderm period fetal period germinal period

embryonic period

The symptoms of postpartum depression include all of the following, EXCEPT ______. euphoria sadness despair anxiety

euphoria

The prenatal period that lasts about seven months in typical pregnancies, beginning two months after conception, is the ___ period.

fetal

The ___ period includes the creation of the fertilized egg or zygote, cell division and implantation.

germinal

The ______ period of prenatal development takes place in the first two weeks after conception. germinal fetal embryonic trophoblastic

germinal

The __ period is the first period of prenatal development, when the egg is fertilized and cell division takes place.

germinal period

Approximately 11 to 15 days after conception, ______ takes place. the embryonic period implantation (1) endoderm formation meiosis

implantation (1)

In general, exposure to teratogens has a more serious impact when ______. the mother is older the fetus is male the dose is small it occurs earlier in the pregnancy

it occurs earlier in the pregnancy

Which of the following outcomes are associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders? Select all that apply: learning problems respiratory problems heart problems low birth weight sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) facial deformities

learning problems heart problems facial deformities

The three stages of birth are not of equal length; the first stage is ______ than the others. shorter sometimes shorter, sometimes longer longer

longer

Which of the following outcomes are associated with maternal use of caffeine during pregnancy? Select all that apply: low birth weight sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) FASD babies born small for gestational age facial deformities

low birth weight babies born small for gestational age

Individual nerve cells known as ________ are involved in information processing at the cellular level in the brain amnion neutrons axons neurons

neurons

Nerve cells, which handle information processing at the cellular level, are known as ___

neurons

According to the U.S. surgeon general, ______. pregnant women can consume up to four glasses of wine a day no alcohol should be consumed during pregnancy a small amount of alcohol during pregnancy will not harm the baby

no alcohol should be consumed during pregnancy

The ______ is a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do not join. uterus placenta womb amnion

placenta

The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein, and it connects the baby to the ______. vagina placenta amnion uterus

placenta

The ______ period lasts from the end of delivery until the mother's body has returned to a nearly prepregnant state (in about six weeks). perinatal afterbirth placental postpartum

postpartum

The weeks after childbirth are referred to as the ___ period, which lasts about six weeks.

postpartum

Some women develop ___ depression, which involves a major depressive episode that typically occurs about four weeks after delivery. (2)

postpartum (2)

Infants born three weeks or more before the pregnancy has reached its full term are called ___ infants.

preterm

Women who are pregnant at age 35 or older are at an elevated risk of having a pregnancy with which of the following complications? (select all that apply): preterm birth fetal death rubella excess birth weight

preterm birth fetal death

Analgesia is used to ______ labor. control the speed of relieve pain during protect the fetus during avoid infections during

relieve pain during

Sudden infant death syndrome, preterm births and low birth weights, respiratory problems, and fetal and neonatal deaths are more common among the offspring of mothers who ____ during pregnancy.

smoke

Which of the following outcomes are associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy? Select all that apply: FASD sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) ADHD respiratory problems low birth weight facial deformities

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) ADHD respiratory problems low birth weight

Any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive, behavioral or physical outcomes is a(n) ___

teratogen

Any agent that can potentially cause cognitive, behavioral or physical harm to the developing embryo or fetus is a(n) ______. disease psychoactive drug trophoblast teratogen (2)

teratogen (2)

The placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes are detached and expelled during the ______ stage of birth. fourth first second third

third

The severity and type of damage to an embryo is influenced by the dose, genetic susceptibility and _____ of exposure to a teratogen. test time type tone

time

Prenatal development can be described in terms of equal three-month time periods called ____. (Remember to type only one word in the blank.)

trimesters

The outer layer of cells around the embryo (which will eventually provide nutrition and support for the embryo) is called the ___

trophoblast

The specialization of cells in the zygote begins after approximately which week following conception? 5 7 3 1

1

When a mother reaches 40, the probability that her baby will have Down syndrome is slightly over 1 in ______. 50 100 1000 10

100

There are ___ layers of cells within the embryo.

3

Loss of sleep is one of the biggest concerns during the postpartum period and has been shown to affect which of the following? Decision making Weight loss Stress levels Marital conflict

Decision making Stress levels Marital conflict

Which prenatal period lasts about seven months? Germinal Zygotic Embryonic Fetal

Fetal

Prenatal care often includes which of the following components? (select all that apply) Social services Nutritional services Comprehensive educational services Financial incentives

Social services Nutritional services Comprehensive educational services

Which of the following is true of the second stage of birth? The placenta detaches. It lasts an average of 6 to 12 hours. The cervix stretches and opens. The baby's head moves through the birth canal.

The baby's head moves through the birth canal.

Regarding the periods of prenatal development, which of the following statements is true? The germinal period corresponds to the first trimester, the embryonic to the second, and the fetal period occurs during the third trimester. The germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods all begin during the first trimester. The fetal period begins in the second trimester of pregnancy. The embryonic period begins in the first trimester and ends in the middle of the second trimester.

The germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods all begin during the first trimester.

Regarding paternal risk factors, which of the following statements are TRUE? There is an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in offspring of older fathers. If a father smokes while the mother is pregnant, there is an increased risk for early pregnancy loss. Older fathers appear to have an increased risk of having children with Down syndrome. Older fathers appear to have an increased risk of having children with autism

There is an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in offspring of older fathers. If a father smokes while the mother is pregnant, there is an increased risk for early pregnancy loss. Older fathers appear to have an increased risk of having children with autism

True or false: Heavy amounts of caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with low birthweight.

True

True or false: The exposure of fathers to certain environmental agents can affect their offspring.

True

All of the following are likely to occur to the the mother in the postpartum period, EXCEPT ______. a steep rise in dopamine production loss of sleep levels of progesterone decrease dramatically a steep drop in estrogen levels

a steep rise in dopamine production

Match the time frame of prenatal growth with the name of the developing organism: FETUS conception to two weeks post-conception two weeks to eight weeks, post-conception two months post-conception to birth

two months post-conception to birth

Match the time frame of prenatal growth with the name of the developing organism: EMBRYO conception to two weeks post-conception two weeks to eight weeks, post-conception two months post-conception to birth

two weeks to eight weeks, post-conception

Consisting of two arteries and one vein, the ___ ___connects the baby to the placenta. (2 words)

umbilical cord

The fertilized egg is called the ______. fetus zygote embryo blastocyst

zygote